摘要
在2013-2015年两个连续的冬小麦-夏玉米生育期内,选用带宽为65 cm的双翼型微喷带,底肥(种肥)选用控失肥,总施肥量为当地地面灌溉高产推荐施肥量的70%,作物生育季当20 cm深度土壤基质势降低到-40 kPa时进行施肥灌溉,因夏玉米生育期正值雨季,除播种后灌溉,大喇叭口期和花粒期主要采用微喷带进行追肥。试验结果表明:①微喷带施肥灌溉水肥一体化可分别提高冬小麦和夏玉米的产量7.9%和17.1%;②冬小麦总耗水量平均为439.6 mm。整个生育期灌水量所占的比例最大,平均为36.4%,其次是土壤储水量的消耗量(35.6%),降水量占总耗水量的23.7%,地下水的补给量占的比例最小,仅4.3%。冬小麦水分利用效率平均达到1.7 kg/m^3,提高了21%。0～50 cm土壤储水量的消耗量占整个土层土壤储水量的消耗量最大,高达40%。③冬小麦和夏玉米的灌溉水利用效率分别平均为4.5和13.8 kg/m^3,分别提高了103%和62%,N和P的肥料偏生产力分别均提高了58%和67%。土壤养分主要分布在0～40 cm土层内,100～140 cm土层硝态氮含量降低了92%,显著减少了养分淋失,有效提高了肥料利用效率。因此华北平原地区微喷带施肥灌溉可提高冬小麦夏玉米的产量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和肥料利用效率。
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of fertigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on yield of wheat and maize,water use,and water and fertilizer use efficiency,to develop a fertigation schedule with micro-sprinkling hoses for wheat and maize.Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive winter wheat-summer maize growing seasons 2013-2015.Under fertigation with microsprinkling hoses,the total nutrients provided through fertigation plus base or seed fertilizer(controlled loss fertilizer)applications were 70%of the local fertilizer amount.The results showed that compared with local surface irrigation,the yields of wheat and maize under fertigation with micro-sprinkling hoses were increased by 7.9%and 17.1%respectively.The average water consumption of winter wheat was 439.6 mm,and the irrigation amount was the largest proportion and accounted for 36.4%,the consumption of soil water storage and precipitation accounted for 35.6%and 23.7%,the groundwater recharge was the lowest,only 4.3%.The consumption of soil water storage in 0~50 cm accounted for 40%of the total soil layers.The water use efficiency for winter wheat was 1.7 kg/m^3and increased by 21%compared with surface irrigation.The irrigation water use efficiency for winter wheat and summer maize were 4.5 and 13.8 kg/m^3,increased by 103%and62%,respectively.The partial factor productivity for winter wheat and summer maize were significantly improved by 58%and 67%under fertigation with micro-sprinkling hoses.The nutrient mainly distributed in 0~40 cm layers and the content in 100~140 cm layers was significantly decreased by 92%.The yield,water use efficiency,irrigation water and fertilizer use efficiency were increased under fertigation with micro-sprinkling hoses with the controlled loss fertilizer as base or seed fertilizer in North China Plain.
作者
白珊珊
万书勤
康跃虎
焦艳平
BAI Shan-shan;WAN Shu-qin;KANG Yue-hu;JIAO Yan-ping(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hebei Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Water Saving/Hebei Academy of Water Resources,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2019年第3期1-7,共7页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD12B05
2016YFC0400105)
河北省农业节水工程技术研究中心开放课题与河北省水利科技成果推广项目(2015012)
关键词
土壤基质势
施肥灌溉制度
耗水规律
水分利用效率
肥料偏生产力
soil matric potential
fertigation
water consumption law
water use efficiency
partial factor productivity
