摘要
经多年对三江平原冷害发生的规律 ,不同生育期对低温的反应及低温对玉米生理、产量的影响等研究 ,并分析三江平原宝清、佳木斯、汤原等典型市县历年气象资料及玉米产量因素 ,结果表明 :三江平原玉米低温冷害每 3～ 4年发生一次 ,气象概率为 2 8% ;严重低温冷害每 5年发生一次 ;低温冷害类型为延迟型 ;低温冷害的敏感期为 6月份低温 ;低温降低种子的发芽势和发芽率 ,显著抑制植株的营养生长 ,延迟生育 ,降低子粒干物质积累速率 ;玉米减产 2 2 .5 %～ 34.3%。玉米低温冷害主要防御措施为选用早熟品种、适时早播、催芽座水、地膜覆盖、育苗移栽、科学施肥。
The influence of various maize maturity duration on the physiology, yield in low temperature, and the relation between weather datum and maize output in Baoqing, Jamusi, Tangyuan etc. have been analyzed. It showed that the cold damage would occur every 3-4 years, the weather probability is 28%,severe cold damage occured every 5 years. The cold damage pattern is postponing one and the sensitive stage of cold damage is in June. It can reduce the energy and capacity of germination, depress the growth of plant, and decrease the dry matter accumulation rate The damaged plant would devrease the yield by 22.5%～34.3%. The suggested preventive measures to cold damage are selecting early maturity hybrids, sowing earlier covering cultivalion with plastic film, transplanting the seedling, fertilizing and field management properly.
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2003年第2期7-10,共4页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
中日合作项目
关键词
玉米
低温冷害
发生规律
防御措施
maize
cold damage
emerging pattern
preventive measure
