摘要
[背景]目前我国北方大范围区域大气PM2.5污染较严重,孕龄期妇女在孕哺期摄入较多高脂食物,同时暴露于PM2.5和高脂饮食(HFD)可能对子代生理发育和运动功能有较大的的影响。[目的]探讨PM2.5和HFD对大鼠仔鼠生理发育和运动功能的影响。[方法 ]选择72只健康7周龄SPF级SD大鼠,雌雄2∶1交配,孕鼠随机分为对照组(CC组,普通饲料),高脂饮食组(HFD组,高脂饲料),PM2.5低暴露组(L-PM2.5组,普通饲料),PM2.5高暴露组(H-PM2.5组,普通饲料),高脂饮食+PM2.5低暴露组(HFD+L-PM2.5组),高脂饮食+PM2.5高暴露组(HFD+H-PM2.5组),每组8只。采用细颗粒物实时染毒系统进行PM2.5暴露,低、高PM2.5浓度分别约为2014—2017年唐山市PM2.5年均浓度的2、4倍。PM2.5暴露母鼠从孕0日开始暴露于PM2.5浓缩的暴露仓中,每天5 h,每周5 d,至仔鼠出生后21天(postnatal day21,PND21),断乳后仔鼠继续暴露至PND42、PND60;CC组、HFD组母鼠及仔鼠饲养于洁净室内。PM2.5暴露的母鼠及仔鼠每天暴露结束后饲养于洁净室内,断乳后仔鼠均给予普通饮食。观察仔鼠张耳、门齿萌出、开眼、被毛长齐的时间;仔鼠于PND21、PND42、PND60进行旷场试验。[结果]暴露期间洁净室、室外及低、高PM2.5浓度分别为(3.52±1.73)、(60.47±21.01)、(127.38±43.16)、(256.45±81.34)μg/m3。PM2.5延长仔鼠开眼时间,L-PM2.5组和H-PM2.5组仔鼠开眼时间分别为(14.33±0.89)、(14.75±0.97)d,长于CC组[(13.96±0.86)d](P <0.05);HFD延长仔鼠被毛长齐时间,HFD组仔鼠被毛长齐时间为(15.04±0.72)d,较CC组[(14.42±0.60)d]长(P <0.05);PM2.5和HFD对仔鼠出生体重、张耳时间、门齿萌出时间、开眼时间和被毛长齐时间不存在交互作用(P> 0.05)。PM2.5缩短PND42仔鼠运动总距离和减少PND21、PND42仔鼠中央区停留时间,PND42仔鼠L-PM2.5和H-PM2.5组运动总距离分别为(2 266.77±404.18)、(2 104.31±212.72)cm,低于CC组[(2 381.58±413.33)cm](P <0.05);PND21仔鼠L-PM2.5和H-PM2.5组中央区停留时间分别为(11.92±7.83)、(9.86±6.76)s,低于CC组[(17.61±11.04)s](P <0.05);PND42仔鼠L-PM2.5和H-PM2.5组中央区停留时间分别为(12.00±7.54)、(9.68±5.85)s,也低于CC组[(15.73±9.21)s](P <0.05)。HFD降低PND21仔鼠运动总距离和减少PND42仔鼠中央区进入次数,PND21仔鼠HFD组运动总距离(1 942.51±225.20)cm低于CC组的(2 207.56±287.30)cm(P <0.05);PND42仔鼠HFD组中央区进入次数为(3.83±2.41)次,低于CC组的(4.50±2.88)次。PM2.5和HFD对PND21、PND42、PND60仔鼠运动总距离、中央区进入次数和停留时间不存在交互作用(均P> 0.05)。[结论 ] PM2.5和HFD延缓仔鼠生理发育和降低仔鼠运动功能,但二者对仔鼠生理发育和运动功能不存在交互作用。
[Background]At present,atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is serious in large areas of northern China,and women are more likely to consume high fat food during pregnancy and lactation.Exposure to PM2.5 in combination with high fat diet(HFD)may significantly affect physiological development and motor function of offspring.[Objective]This experiment is conducted to study the effect of exposure to PM2.5 and HFD on physiological development and motor function in offspring rats.[Methods]Healthy 7-week-old SPF SD rats(n=72)mated with a male to female ratio of 2:1.Pregnant rats were randomly divided into six groups,including control group(CC group,normal diet),high fat diet group(HFD group),low PM2.5 group(L-PM2.5 group,normal diet),high PM2.5 group(H-PM2.5 group,normal diet),high fat diet+low PM2.5 group(HFD+L-PM2.5 group),and high fat diet+high PM2.5 group(HFD+H-PM2.5 group),with eight rats in each group.The low and high PM2.5 concentrations in dynamic exposure cabinet were approximately two times and four times higher than the annual average PM2.5 concentration in Tangshan city respectively.The exposure started from pregnant day 0,5 hours every day,5 days every week,until postnatal day 21(PND21)of offspring rats.After weaning,the offspring rats continued to be exposed to PM2.5 until PND42 and PND60.The mother rats and their newborn rats in the CC and HFD groups were kept in clean rooms,so were the PM2.5-exposed rats and their offspring rats after daily PM2.5 exposure.After weaning,the offspring rats in all groups were given normal diet.The time of pinna detachment,body hair growth,incisor eruption,and eye opening of the newborn rats were observed,and motor function was tested using open field test on PND21,PND42,and PND60.[Results]The clean room,outdoor,low,and high PM2.5 concentrations during the exposure period were(3.52±1.73),(60.47±21.01),(127.38±43.16),and(256.45±81.34)μg/m3 respectively.PM2.5 treatment prolonged the eye opening time of pups.The eye opening time of pups in the L-PM2.5 and H-PM2.5 groups[(14.33±0.89)d and(14.75±0.97)d respectively]were longer than that of the CC group[(13.96±0.86)d](P<0.05).HFD treatment prolonged the body hair growth time of pups.The body hair growth time of pups in the HFD group[(15.04±0.72)d]was longer than that of the CC group[(14.42±0.60)d](P<0.05).There was no interaction between PM2.5 and HFD on birth weight,pinna detachment time,incisor eruption time,eye opening time,and body hair growth time of newborns(P>0.05).Regarding the results of open field test,PM2.5 treatment reduced the total distance of PND42 pups and shortened the central area residence time of PND21 and PND42 pups.The total distances of PND42 pups in the L-PM2.5 and H-PM2.5 groups were(2 266.77±404.18)cm and(2 104.31±212.72)cm respectively,shorter than that of the CC group[(2 381.58±413.33)cm](P<0.05).The central area residence time of PND21 pups in the L-PM2.5 and H-PM2.5 groups were(11.92±7.83)s and(9.86±6.76)s respectively,shorter than that of the CC group[(17.61±11.04)s](P<0.05).The central area residence time of PND42 pups in the L-PM2.5 and H-PM2.5 groups were(12.00±7.54)s and(9.68±5.85)s respectively,shorter than that of the CC group[(15.73±9.21)s](P<0.05).HFD reduced the total distance of PND21 pups and the central area entry frequency of PND42 pups.The total distance of PND21 pups in the HFD group[(1 942.51±225.20)cm]was shorter than that of the CC group[(2 207.56±287.30)cm](P<0.05).The central area entry frequency of PND42 pups in the HFD group[(3.83±2.41)times]was shorter than that of the CC group[(4.50±2.88)times](P<0.05).There was no interaction between PM2.5 and HFD on the total distance,residence time,and entry frequency in central area of PND21,PND42,and PND60 pups(Ps>0.05).[Conclusion]PM2.5 and HFD could delay physiological development and decrease motor function of rat pups,and there is no interaction between PM2.5 and HFD.
作者
卞晶晶
王新茹
刘肖
刘超
曹娃
尹晋
吴燕芳
佟俊旺
蒋守芳
BIAN Jing-jing;WANG Xin-ru;LIU Xiao;LIU Chao;CAO Wa;YIN Jin;WU Yan-fang;TONG Jun-wang;JIANG Shou-fang(School of Public Health,Hebei Coal Mine Sanitation and Safety Laboratory,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期738-743,共6页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
华北理工大学研究生创新项目(2018S09)
关键词
PM2.5
高脂饮食
生理发育
运动功能
旷场试验
PM2.5
high fat diet
physiological development
motor function
open field test
