摘要
传统语言学观念里 ,人们通常认为“什么”的主要功能是表示疑问。但是通过对自然口语材料中出现的“什么”进行分析 ,发现“什么”在自然口语中表示很强的疑问信息的情况很少 ,“什么”在对话体中更多地表示否定、怀疑、不确定的功能以及相应的篇章功能———替代、话题处理、话轮处理等。而且随着疑问指向的转变 ,“什么”的功能也有变化。“什么”的疑问信息与疑问对象的隐现有关。随着疑问对象逐渐从对方转到无对象再转向说话者本人 ,“什么”负载的疑问信息经历了一个大致的U型变化。语义功能和篇章功能是相互关联的。我们认为这项研究对对外汉语教学有一定的借鉴作用。
In the traditional linguistics, 'Shenme' used to be considered as an interrogative word. In this essay, by analyzing 'Shenme' according to spoken material, we conclude that 'Shenme' is often used to express negation, doubt, unsureness or to be loaded with the correspondent textual functions ——substitution, change of the subject and the turning of a conversation——instead of the strongly interrogative message. The function of 'Shenme' varies with the change of the interrogative directions. The interrogative message of 'Shenme' is related to the covert and appearance of the interrogative object. As the interrogative object is on the listener's part, then on nobody and fanally on the part of the speaker himself, the interrogative message in 'Shenme' experiences a U form. Semantic function and the textual function are related to each other. We think the analysis to 'Shenme' is helpful to the Chinese teaching as a second language.
出处
《汉语学习》
北大核心
2003年第2期21-29,共9页
Chinese Language Learning
