摘要
我国玉米在机械化播种施肥作业过程中存在土壤扰动大、施肥量大,易造成前期烧种和后期脱肥等问题。为此,设计了一种十字槽开沟器,主要参数为:立刀和横刀的入土角20°,立刀的入土隙角8°,斜切角70°,横刀宽度100mm,长度80mm,后倾角20°,种、肥管向两侧弯曲半径28mm,并制作试验样机进行了室内土槽试验。试验表明:玉米播种深度、种肥深度、种子与种肥间距及种子与基肥间距平均为44、43、52、102mm,变异系数<13%,播种、施肥稳定性和一致性较好。所设计的十字槽开沟器一次开沟可实现种子、种肥双侧分施及种肥、基肥的分层施放,减少了开沟器作业过程中的土壤扰动,能够满足玉米播种施肥农艺要求。
In China,a large amount of soil disturbance and excessive fertilization is a problem need to be solved,which can result in burning seeds in the early stage and defertilizing in the later stage. In this paper a design of a cross-groove opener was introduced. The main parameters of the opener are: 20° of the entry angle of the vertical knife and the horizontal knife,8° of the entry clearance angle of the vertical knife and 70° of the angle of the bevel. 100 mm width,80 mm length,back rake angle 20° of horizontal knife. 28 mm bending radius of seed tube and fertilizer tube toward to outsides irrespectively,and experiments indoor soil tank were conducted using home-made prototype machine. Results showed that the depth of corn sowing,depth of seed fertilizer,space between seed and fertilizer,and the distance between seed and base fertilizer were 44 mm,42 mm,51 mm,and 102 mm. The coefficient of variation was less than 13%. The stability and consistency of sowing and fertilizing were better. The designed cross-groove opener can realize sowing and fertilizing on both sides and different layers irrespective in once opening the ditch,application of this machine the soil disturbance was reduced,agronomic requirements for seeding and fertilization were met.
作者
张军昌
闫小丽
李国华
曹晓东
刘娜
孙丽雯
仝敏
Zhang Junchang;Yan Xiaoli;Li Guohua;Cao Xiaodong;Liu Na;Sun Liwen;Tong Min(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2019年第11期86-90,共5页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017NY-127)
杨凌示范区科技计划项目(2016NY-19)
关键词
十字槽开沟器
施肥播种
种肥分施
分层施肥
cross-groove opener
seeding and fertilization
fertilizer application
layered fertilization
