摘要
针对水稻局部少耕、旱种水管技术提出的碎土质量好、耕层深、耕作带底部平整度高,以及适时调整排肥量的要求,设计了一款立式水稻条耕施肥机。该机主要由条耕和电动排肥装置组成,采用相似设计原理,建立旋刀几何参数关系;利用图解法推导出正切面刃角、侧切面刃角与行走速度、刀具转速、旋刀旋转半径之间的关系式,并得出该机作业过程中侧切面刃角为24°和正切面刃角为41°;按照农艺要求,确定电机的转速为50~60r/min之间可调。水稻条耕施肥机田间试验表明:该机耕层深,碎土能力强,沟底平整度较好,作业顺畅、性能稳定,匹配动力为66~92kW,耕深平均值15 cm,稳定系数90%土壤颗粒小于8cm的碎土率为85.2%,施肥量稳定性变异系数1.23%,施肥均匀性变异系数17.05%,满足行业标准规定和农艺要求。该研究为下一步水稻条耕施肥播种一体机的研发和水稻局部少耕、旱种水管技术大面积的应用与推广提供了理论依据和技术参考。
Reduced tillage and no-tillage rice cultivation technique will be development trend on rice planting technology.The traditional rice strip-tillage and fertilizing machine of reduced tillage and water management technology of dry rice,has many technical problems such as poor soil quality,depth of tillage,low flatness of the tillage belt and the failure to adjust the amount of fertilizer in time.To solve these problems,the research group has designed a Rice strip-tillage and fertilizer machine,whose main technical features are vertical strip-tillage and electric fertilization.The machine is mainly composed of rotating knife,knife block,gear box,hanging rack,main gearbox,external grooved wheel fertilizer apparatus,fertilizer removal pipe,fertilizer box and dc motor,etc.This paper referenced to the structure principle of horizontal rotary tillage blade and metal cutting theory,built space rectangular coordinate system,and define tangent section,transition section,the side tangent section,tangent blade,the side tangent blade,tangent angle,the side tangent angle and cutting angle of the arbitrary point of rotary knife blade.In order to prevent secondary cutting soil between the rotary knife and unplowed surface,team analysized tangent angle and the side tangent angle by the graphical method when the rotary knife entered the maximum section of the soil.The results showed that rotary knife rotation minimum side tangent edge angle was 5°and tangent angle of maximum was 60°when rotary knife spinned around,and side tangent angle of the minimum was 24°and tangent angle of maximum was 41°when rotary knife worked.According to the agronomic requirements of that compound fertilizer was 30 kg/acre,team determined the speed of the motor n_电=60 r/min by analysizing the discharge capacity of external grooved wheel fertilizer apparatus.Rice strip-tillage and fertilizing machinery field experiment showed that the machine has deep ploughing depth and strong soil breaking ability.After farming,the soil particles were relatively small,and the bottom of the ditch were relatively smooth.The surface was smooth,loose and solid,with smooth operation and stable performance.The matching power was 66-92 kW tractor.The tillage depth average was 15 cm,stability coefficient was 96%,variation coefficient was 4%and the ground breaking rate was 82%when soil particles was less than 4 cm.Variation coefficient of fertilizer stability was1.23%,variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity was 17.05%.Fertilizer stability and fertilization uniformity meet the industry standard and the requirements of agronomy.This study provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the research of Integrated machine of strip-tillage,fertilizing and seeding machine,and application of reduced tillage and water management technology of dry rice technique in large area.
作者
宋江
巩大伟
刘丽华
吕艳东
李红宇
王磊
Song Jiang;Gong Dawei;Liu Lihua;Lv YANDong;Li Hongyu;Wang Lei(College of Engineering,College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;ilfield Construction Second Company,Daqing 163000,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2020年第1期122-128,共7页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300502,2018YFD0300104)
黑龙江省农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK125B-05-06)
关键词
水稻
条耕
施肥
rice
strip-tillage
fertilizer
design
test
