摘要
目前我国由于农户化肥施用不当所导致的面源污染严重,测土配方施肥技术作为政府大力推广的绿色农业技术有助于改善这种局面。基于我国苹果主产区陕、甘、鲁、豫1 079个样本农户微观调研数据,借鉴舒尔茨农户"有限理性"理论分析框架,采用Heckman两阶段模型分析农户测土配方施肥技术动态采纳行为影响因素,运用ESR模型考察农户采纳该技术所带来的农业收入变化。研究发现:(1)测土配方施肥技术采纳率不足,74%的样本农户未采纳测土配方施肥技术,7%的样本农户经历测土但并未完全按照测土结果进行施肥,只有19%的样本农户完全按照测土结果进行施肥;(2)多重因素影响农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为;(3)农业收入高于平均水平的农户更愿意采纳测土配方施肥技术,该技术可提高年均农业收入的比例为8%。政府应在推广绿色农业生产方式、加快土地流转、给予农户技术政策补贴、提高农户技术认知等方面加大投入力度。
At present,the surface pollution caused by the improper application of fertilizer by farmers in China is serious.The soil testing and formulated fertilization technology as a green agricultural technology vigorously promoted by government contributes to improve the surface pollution caused by improper application of fertilizer.This research was based on the micro survey data of 1 079 sample farmers in the main apple producing areas of Shaanxi,Gansu,Shandong and Henan and drawn on the theoretical analysis framework of the'limited rationality'of Theodore W.Schultz.We used Heckman two-phase model to analyze the influencing factors of the farmers’adoption behavior for the soil testing and formulated fertilization technology,and employed the endogenous switching regression model to examine the farmers’agricultural income effect of the technology.The results show that:74%of sample farmers did not adopt soil test and formulated fertilization technology,7%experienced soil measurement but did not fertilize the soil exactly as the test result,and 19%fertilized the soil fully according to the test results,which means that the famers’adoption of soil testing and formula fertilization technology is not enough.At the same time,multiple factors have different influence on the farmers’adoption behavior of the technology.Finally,we found that farmers with above average agricultural income were more likely to adopt the technology,and this technology has helped farmers increased their average annual agricultural income by 8%.The government should increase its investment in improving the way of promoting green agriculture technologies,speeding up the transferring of land,subsidizing policies of the technology adoption,and raising farmers’technical awareness.
作者
侯晓康
刘天军
黄腾
袁雪霈
HOU Xiaokang;LIU Tianjun;HUANG Teng;YUAN Xuepei(Center for Western Rural Development/College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期121-131,共11页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71773089)
教育部人文社会科学项目(16XJA790006)
关键词
绿色农业技术
测土配方施肥技术
采纳行为
收入效应
Heckman两阶段模型
ESR模型
green agricultural technology
soil testing and formulated fertilization technology
adoption behavior
income effect
Heckman two-phase model
endogenous switching regression model
