摘要
为了提高排种器性能检测的方便性、灵活性和高精准度,设计了一种以可编程控制器(PLC)和触摸屏为核心的便携式排种器性能监控系统。通过设置排种器相关参数,实时检测排种器排种的合格率、漏播率、重播率、变异系数和断条率等排种器性能指标。试验结果表明:系统对播种量的检测精度在97.90%以上,漏播的检测精度为90.56%以上,重播的检测精度为87.71%以上。对排种盘转速、粒距、机器前进速度、合格率进行了二次回归正交试验,验证了系统对排种器性能检测的准确性。
The performance monitoring system of a portable seed-metering device was developed,which took a programmable logic controller( PLC) and a touchable screen as the core, to improve the convenience,flexibility and high precision of seed-metering monitoring. The monitoring system applied programming software,named Delta WPLSoft V2. 37,to customize the PLC ladder diagram program and configuration software, named DOPSoft 2. 00. 04, to achieve the development of human computer interaction interface. The performance monitoring system of seed-metering device was mainly composed of detection system,control system and monitoring system. Detection system used two rectangular fiber area sensors,which were installed on the top and bottom of monitored area to detect qualified number,replay number,leakage number and seeding rate. The interval between seeds was detected by sensor to determine seed spacing. Closed loop control system was composed of PLC,servo driver,servo motor and pulse encoder,servo motor and seed-metering shaft was directly connected,the working speed of planter was simulated through controlling the speed of servo motor. It was used to control the seed-metering device of rotating shaft work speed,realize precision stepless regulation and ensure the seed-metering device of rotating shaft according to the set speed stable operation. Monitoring system was mainly controlled by the touch screen,which can display sowing device performance with various technique indexes and the running situation of the control system. It can set seed-metering relevant parameters on the human computer interaction interface to real-timely monitor the performance indicators of seedmetering device, including qualification rate, seed-missing rate, seed-repeating rate, coefficient ofvariation and breaking rate. The test results on monitoring system accuracy showed that the test accuracy of sensor 1 was above 95. 42% and 1. 77% ~ 4. 58% of test error was caused by the situation that two seeds may fall into the same monitoring zone at the same time during seed-metering process. The error was decided by metering performance of the device and the re-seeding caused by situation that two seeds fell into the same monitoring zone can be tested by sensor 2 which was under the seed sprout. The test error rate was between 1. 77% and 4. 58%,while the combination of sensor 1 and sensor 2 can get the accuracy rate range from 97. 90% to 99. 22%. Two tests of quadratic orthogonal regression on the rotation speed of planting plate and the interval of two seeds' falling time demonstrated that the performance of the chosen spoon-typed seed metering device was the best with rotation speed of 32. 29 r / min,seed spacing of 28. 44 cm and machine moving speed of 4. 25 km / h. The parameter information from the test,including row spacing,qualification rate,seed-missing rate and seed-repeating rate,etc.,can provide scientific basis for seed-metering device to achieve its best performance at appropriate speed. It can solve the bulkiness and intricacies shortage of seed-metering test-bed which was used indoors to imitate field working environment in China. Meanwhile,the results can provide technical reference for precisely seeding of corn no-tillage planter.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第S1期69-75,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116)
国家自然科学基金项目(51275318)
关键词
免耕播种机
排种器
监控系统
粒距
工作速度
光纤传感器
no-tillage planter
seed-metering device
monitoring system
seed spacing
working speed
fiber optic sensor
