摘要
在系统观察斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂羽化、交配、产卵寄生等生物学特性的基础上,定量研究了该蜂发育与温度关系,并应用均匀设计方法测定了该蜂对寄主龄期的选择比率,旨在为该蜂的保护利用及产业化提供资料。结果表明:(1).产卵高峰多在羽化后2～3d,大多数蜂在寄主体内只产1粒卵,少数可产2粒,偶见产卵3粒,但最终只发育成1头成熟幼虫;(2).侧沟茧蜂与斜纹夜蛾1～4龄幼虫共存时,偏爱寄生1龄末至2龄幼虫,对1龄末至2龄,3龄和4龄幼虫的选择系数分别为0.4737,0.3210,0.2046;(3).3龄初幼虫被寄生后,与未被寄生的幼虫比较,4龄幼虫历期显著延长,食量显著下降,且不能发育到5龄幼虫;(4).斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂各虫态发育速率与温度关系可用线性日度模型、Stinner模型和Logistic模型较好地拟合,其中以Stinner模型拟合精度最高;(5).侧沟茧蜂卵、幼虫、茧和卵-成虫羽化的发育起点温度分别为9.206℃、7.766℃、10.196℃和9.683℃,有效积温分别为28.864、109.245、89.360、217.915日度,发育速率最快温度分别为34.55℃、30.41℃、32.33℃和32.78℃。
Based on the systematical observation of several aspects of its biology, the relation of the parasitiod development to temperature was studied , and the preference of parasitoid to host larval stage was also determined by uniform design in laboratory, aimed at providing data for the protection, application and factory production of the parasitoid. The results showed as follows: (1). The adult female started ovipostion on 1 day post-emergence, and reached peak on 2～3 d at fluctuant temperature form 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, most wasps deposited only one egg into one host larvae, rarely 2 eggs , seldom oviposited more than 3 eggs; (2).The parasitoid can parasitize the host larvae from the 1st to 4th instar , but prefer to oviposit into the 2nd instar, when the later 1st-2nd ,3rd and 4th instar of host larvae were exposed simultaneously to parasitoid, Microplitis sp..The preference indexes to the later 1～2nd ,3rd and 4th instar were 0.4737,0.3210 and 0.2046 respectively; (3). After the early 3rd instar larvae was parasitized by parasitoid, the parasitized larvae had prolonged their 4th instar duration obviously, and the parasitized larvae had consumed less food, compared to nonparasitized host larvae. Moreover the parasitized host larvae could not enter into the 5th instar; (4). The relationship between the development rate of parasitoid and temperature could be well simulated by model of Stiner, Logistic and Liner day-degree, of which, the Stiner model was the best , followed by the Liner day-degree model. According to the models, the development threshold temperature for parasitoid egg , larvae, cocoon and one generation were estimated to be 9.206 ℃, 7.766 ℃, 10.196 ℃ and 9.683 ℃, and the thermal constant to be 28.864, 109.245, 89.360, 217.915 day degrees respectively. The optimal development temperature for parasitoid was also calculated to be 34.55 ℃,30.41 ℃,32.33 ℃ and 32.78 ℃ respectively.
出处
《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》
2003年第2期125-130,共6页
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)
基金
"十五"国家重点科技攻关项目(2001BA503B05)
湖南省自然科学基金重点项目(99JJY1003)
