摘要
本文通过对儒学人文精神的形成、发展及其特点的分析 ,探讨了儒学在 2 0世纪大起大落的原因及其在现代社会的意义与价值。作者认为 ,从总体上看 ,宗法伦理是儒学理论的主干 ,而人则是其出发点与核心 ,对人的重视与对人伦关系的强调是儒家人生哲学的两重性格 ;随着封建国家专制集权的加强 ,儒家伦理异化为束缚人并阻碍人之实现的外在权威 ,本质上成为统治者的意志 ,这是孔子儒学的悲剧 ,但从汉代儒学、魏晋玄学、隋唐佛学和宋明理学的分析中仍可看到儒家人文精神的顽强表现 ;通过对 2 0世纪儒学起落的观照 ,说明只有打破封建桎梏 ,才能真正结束儒学的悲剧 ,使其人文精神在现代社会发挥积极作用 ,而儒学的人文精神在当前也需要与科学、民主。
Based on an analysis of the formation, development and characteristics of the humanistic spirit of Confucianism the author examines the reasons for the ups and downs of Confucianism in the 20th century, and its significance and value in the contemporary world. According to the author, patriarchal ethics constitute the backbone of the Confucian theoretical system, while man is the starting point and core of this system. The importance attached to man and the emphasis on human relations signify the dual nature of the Confucian philosophy of life. With the strengthening of autocratic and centralized feudal state power, Confucianism became an external authority that stifled man's initiative, prevented the fulfilment of man, and degenerated into the will of the rulers. This is the historical tragedy of Confucianism. However, the humanistic spirit of Confucianism has consistently and stubbornly expressed itself throughout Chinese history. We can see from the ups and downs of Confucianism in the 20th century that only when the feudal shackles are smashed will this tragedy come to an end, and the humanistic spirit of Confucianism play a positive role in the modern age. On the other hand, this humanistic spirit needs to be integrated with the spirit of science, democracy and rule by law.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第6期64-72,共9页
Social Sciences in China
