摘要
本文选择了中国 4 0余条重要河流 ,并对这些河流多年来平均输沙量及其环境因素资料进行分析 ,发现黄河及其支流的输沙量很大 ,这主要是由于流域干燥的气候、松散的黄土层以及人类开垦活动加剧等原因造成的。对中国河流输沙量影响较大的因素是河流的径流量、干旱指数、最高海拔和人为活动。而流域年均降雨量、年均气温、相对高差、森林覆盖率等的影响则不明显。与世界主要流域输沙量的影响因子相比 ,中国主要河流输沙量受到人类活动和干旱指数的影响较为显著。在相关数据分析的基础上 ,提出了中国主要河流产沙量的估算模式 ,即 log Ds=0 .185 2 log H+0 .3989log R+0 .0 80 3log Q+0 .16 39log Cult+3.0 6 89,模式得到了较好的验证 ,但有待进一步完善。
The sediment yield and environmental data indicate that the sediment transportation fluxes of the Yellow River and its tributaries are higher by a factor of 10～100 than those of northern and southern rivers in China. Dry climate, loose loess and human activity may be responsible for the fact that the highest sediment transportation fluxes of the world are in the Yellow River and its tributaries. The river sediment yield of China is more closely related to mean annual runoff, aridity index, the highest elevation and anthropogenic factors. However, the effect of annual precipitation, annual temperature, relief ratio and forest ratio on the sediment yield is not significant. In particular, compared to the world watersheds, the percentage of cultivated area and aridity index play a major role in controlling the sediment yield of major Chinese rivers. According to the above study, a model was built to estimate the sediment yield of major Chinese rivers, which is expressed as logDs =0.1852 logH + 0.3989 logR + 0.0803 logQ + 0.1639 logCult + 3.0689. It has proved to be a good model though further improvement is needed.
出处
《青岛海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第4期565-573,共9页
Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"东
黄海生态动力学与生物资源可持续利用"(G19990 4 370 5 )
华东师范大学河口海岸动力沉积和动力地貌综合国家重点实验室开放基金资助
关键词
中国
河流
输沙量
影响因素
径流
气候
地貌
植被
人类活动
major rivers
sediment yield
controlling factors
runoff
climate
relief
forest ratio
human activity
