摘要
在云雾中播撒吸湿性催化剂是进行暖云催化降水或消暖雾的重要手段之一,而寻找高效、适宜的吸湿性催化剂仍然是当前人工影响天气领域的重要研究目标。本研究对6种具有吸湿性的粉末型稀土盐催化剂在云室中的消暖雾性能进行了对比试验。试验采用一个43m3的暖云室,在云室中分别进行无催化的空白试验和6种催化剂的消暖雾催化试验,并使用FM-100雾滴谱仪、透光度仪以及温湿度仪等仪器对云室中雾的整个发展过程进行全程观测。通过对比空白试验与催化试验的观测数据,分析了5种吸湿性催化剂在播撒后对暖雾的影响,对它们的消雾效果和催化剂作用机理进行了分析。研究结果表明:6种催化剂中有5种起到了消雾作用,其中氯化铈、硝酸镧、碳酸镧的消雾效果较好,氯化镧、碳酸铈次之,硝酸铈则没有达到消雾目的;催化剂的引入使雾的含水量、雾滴有效直径、雾滴谱等微物理特征发生明显变化,并最终对雾的发展进程造成很大影响,使雾的消散速度加快或延缓。
A laboratory experiment was performed in order to dissipate the warm fog by using 6kinds of hygroscopic catalysts of powdered rare-earth salt materials in a 43 m3 warm cloud chamber.The microphysical characteristic data of warm fog,such as number concentration,diameters of fog droplets,and fog droplet spectrum,were continuously detected by a fog monitor(FM-100).The fog transmissivity,temperature,and humidity of the cloud chamber were also continuously measured during every experiment process.Eight experiments,including two blank experiments(BE)of fog disperse spontaneously and six seeding experiments(SE)of fog seeding by using rare-earth salts catalysts,were executed.The characteristic differences of warm fog in eight experiments are analyzed,and the effect and physical mechanisms of fog dispersal effect of 6catalysts are studied through comparing measuring data between 2BE and 6SE.The experimental results show that 5kinds of catalysts,including CeCl_3,La(NO_3)_3,La_2(CO_3)_3,LaCl_3 and Ce_2(CO_3)_3,can dispel warm fogs in the experiments,but Ce(NO_3)_3 can not achieve the effect of fog dispersal.There are differences in the effects on fog dispersal among five effective catalysts.The effects of CeCl_3,La(NO_3)_3 and La_2(CO_3)_3 are preferable,and those of LaCl_3 and Ce_2(CO_3)_3 take second place.The analysis shows that the microphysical characteristics of warm fogs were obviously changed through seeding hygroscopic catalytic agents.The fog dissipation processes were accelerated or postponed because of seeding in 6SEs.
出处
《气象科技》
北大核心
2017年第2期398-404,共7页
Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41275149
41075099)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106031
GYHY201306041)资助
关键词
吸湿性催化剂
暖雾
消雾效果
云室试验
hygroscopic catalyst
warm fog
fog dispersal effect
cloud chamber experiment
