摘要
社会性别是身份的一个基本方面,在圣经中的以色列,社会性别是等级关系中权力的表达,它代表了由于男人和女人在生育方面所发挥的不同作用而造成的权力差距,这一点在文化层面可以借助农业的隐喻来理解。丈夫是居于主导地位的统治成员,因其拥有生殖所必需的精子,女人则依靠他的精子来完成她的主要社会作用。然而,在其他社会关系中,男人或女人可能视乎情况担任不同的性别角色,从而导致多种性别模糊性。在此情况下,他们的表现同性别预期背道而驰,或者他们以同性别预期相反的方式被对待,例如,在同亚卫的关系上,以色列男人总是担当从属的女性角色,在这个性别化的关系中,亚卫拥有一切权力,以色列则完全依附于他,因此,亚卫这位完美至上的男性,可以视以色列的男人为他的妻子。
Gender, which is a fundamental aspect of identity,in biblical Israel is an expression of power in a hierarchical relationship. It signifies the power differential that results from the different roles that men and women have in procreation, as culturally understood through the metaphor of agriculture. The husband was the dominant, ruling member because he possessed the seed necessary for procreation, whereas the wife was dependent upon his seed to fulfill her primary social role. In other social relations, however, a man or woman might take on different gendered roles depending on the circumstances, giving rise to various gender ambiguities, where men and women behave or are treated contrary to the expectations of gender. In their relationship to Yhwh, for example, the Israelite men always take on the female, subordinate role. In this gendered relationship, Yhwh has all the power and Israel is wholly dependent on him, and thus Yhwh, the consummate male, may take the men of Israel as his wife.
出处
《圣经文学研究》
CSSCI
2018年第2期66-88,共23页
Journal for the Study of Biblical Literature
