摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区水稻磷肥施用不合理的问题,确定宁夏引黄灌区水稻生产适宜施磷量,以"节3号"水稻为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计研究了不同施P_2O_5量(0,75,150,225 kg/hm^2)对水稻产量、土壤矿质氮累积量以及水稻氮、磷吸收与利用效率的影响。结果表明:与不施磷肥相比,施磷肥显著(p<0.05)提高了水稻穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,进而提高了水稻籽粒产量;以施磷150 kg/hm^2处理下水稻籽粒产量最高,最高值为7 593.11 kg/hm^2(增产率为36.12%)。施磷肥显著降低了水稻0—100 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的累积,施磷150 kg/hm^2显著提高了各生育期水稻氮素和磷素的吸收量。随着施磷量增加,水稻磷素生产效率和磷素吸收效率显著降低,氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和磷素收获指数的最大值出现在施磷150 kg/hm^2处理,而水稻氮素生产效率受施磷量影响不显著。施磷肥显著提高了宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮、磷吸收量和利用效率,施磷量150 kg/hm^2为本地区适宜施肥量。
With respect to the unreasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia, we set up field trials in the irrigation area in order to determine suitable application of phosphorus in rice production in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia. The rice variety ‘Jie No.3’ was used as the test material, and a single factor random group test design experiment was conducted to examine the impact of P application rates(0, 75, 150, 225 kg/hm2) on grain yield, the accumulation of NO-3-N and NH+4-N, as well as N and P uptake and utilization of rice. The results showed that, compared with the no application of P, all treatments with P application increased the spike number, kernels per spike and seed setting rate of rice, which significantly increased the grain yield of rice. The grain yield under treatment of 150 kg/hm2 P application rate was higher than that of other P application treatments, which had the highest rice yield of 7 593.11 kg/hm2, and production increase rate of 36.12%. P fertilization reduced the total accumulation of NO-3-N and NH+4-N in 0-100 cm soil layers. In addition, P application increased N and P uptake of rice at different growth stages, especially for 150 kg/hm2 P application treatment. With the P application of 150 kg/hm2, the N uptake efficiencies and N harvest indices of rice were relatively higher. P application decreased the P grain production efficiencies and P uptake efficiencies, while the maximum of P harvest index was observed at the P application of 150 kg/hm2. In conclusion, phosphorus fertilizer significantly improved the yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency of rice in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The suitable phosphorus application was 150 kg/hm2 in the region.
作者
郭鑫年
孙娇
梁锦秀
周涛
李永祥
薛彩霞
田旭东
GUO Xinnian;SUN Jiao;LIANG Jinxiu;ZHOU Tao;LI Yongxiang;XUE Caixia;TIAN Xudong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;High Quality Seeding Breeding Farm of Qingtongxia Municipality,Qingtongxia,Ningxia751600,China;Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office of Qingtongxia Municipality,Qingtongxia,Ningxia751600,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期49-54,61,共7页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目"农业面源污染减控与绿色清洁生产技术研究与示范"(2017BY085)
宁夏农林科学院全产业链示范推广项目"宁夏耕地可持续利用与农田生产力提升技术研究应用"(NKYZ-16-0904)
宁夏农业综合开发土地治理项目"银南灌区盐碱地土壤改良与农田生产力提升技术集成示范"(NTKJ2017-01-20)
关键词
磷肥
宁夏引黄灌区
水稻产量
氮素吸收利用
磷素吸收利用
phosphorus fertilization
Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region
rice yield
nitrogen uptake and utilization
phosphorus uptake and utilization
