摘要
颅容积对鉴别颅骨的性别具有一定的意义。国内外至今仍沿用传统的测量方法,即堵塞孔缝、灌注介质(菜子或砂等),再间接用量具测出其容积。此法烦琐费时,如不严格统一标准重复误差一般达几十毫升。1964年Uspenskii改用颅内放一橡皮球,球内注水加压法,大大地提高了测量速度,并使重复误差降低到7ml,缺点是必须有加压设备,另外橡皮球易破裂。本测量法采用厚度适中的乳胶囊放入颅腔,囊内灌注汞,取其净重和测时室温,用计算机换算成颅容积。经不同时间对112个颅骨测量两次,结果相差平均为2.27±0.17(0—7.9)ml。乳胶囊使用寿命一般可达20次。本法主要优点是:精确度高和测量速度快;不够理想之处:由于汞重,在密闭箱内操作不便,尽管汞蒸气远低于允许浓度,仍需注意其安全防护问题。此外,求出用颅周长、颅顶正中弧、耳上颅高、颅高等项推算颅容积的回归方程式和关系图,便于实际应用。
Cranial capacity is very important for determination of sex. The traditional technique of measuring cranial capacity is still being used. Firstly, plug the foramina and fissures of the skull. Then pour some mediating substance into the cranial cavity, such as mustard seeds or sand etc. Lastly, measure the capacity by some graduated cylinders. This technique is overlaborate, besides, the difference is high; sometimes a difference of some 60ml may ensue. Uspenskii introduced a new method for measuring cranial capacity with the aid of water poured into a rubber balloon which has been lowered into the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum. He got a high level of accuracy as well as a simple procedure, the greatest difference between individual measurement amounted to 7 ml. Tht defect is that it must be used a pressure gauge, otherwise the balloon can not be fullfilled with water in the cranial cavity. Another question is the balloon is easily ruptured. Our new method is by weighing the mercury which is poured into a latex balloon in the cranial cavity and recording the room temperature at the same time, then convert to capacity by computer. 112 adult crania collected from Qingdao and Changchun districts were measured in different times and different temperatures. The results show that the mean error of capacity amounted to 2.27 ±0.17(0-7.9) ml. One latex balloon commonly may be used twenty times. Our method is characterized by high level of accuracy in measuring cranial capacity and simplicity of procedure and speed of execution. It must be pointed out that we should take care of the physical protection, although the concentration of the mercury-vapour is far below the permissible density. Besides, we got some regression formulas and picture for estimating the cranial capacity by ten external measurements, such as cranial circumference, median sagittal arc of calvarium, auricular height, cranial height(ba-b) etc. The Revalue and r-value on above formulas amount to 0.76-0.898. The mean difference between the estimation by 3 to 5 external measurents and measuring method by mercury is 50-55 ml, another words, the mean error is 3.5%-3.9% of cranial capacity. The minimum error is just 0.1ml, and the maximum error is 228.7ml.
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第3期241-249,共9页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会
山东省卫生厅资助。
关键词
颅骨测量
颅容积
Craniometry
Methodology. Cranial Capacity
Regression Analysis
Modern Chinese
