摘要
设施蔬菜地连作土壤,往往由于大量施用化肥、蒸发量大、受雨水淋滤少等原因,导致土壤退化,引发土传植物病害频发等连作障碍问题。厌氧还原土壤灭菌处理设施蔬菜地连作障碍土壤,降低土壤的氧化-还原电位,创造强还原环境,快速调节退化土壤理化性质和微生态结构,改良设施蔬菜地连作障碍土壤,提高设施蔬菜产量和品质,增加农民收入。对采集蚌埠市蔬菜基地设施蔬菜地连作障碍土壤,分设对照(不添加物料、不淹水)、处理1(少量稻草+淹水)、处理2(高量稻草+淹水)、处理3(少量稻草+少量猪粪+淹水)、处理4(高量稻草+高量猪粪+淹水)、处理5(高量稻草+饱和水)、处理6(高量稻草+高量猪粪+饱和水)共7组样品,每组样品分设3个平行样,实验室内30℃恒温箱密封培养15天,期间取样3次分析土壤理化性质及可培养微生物数量变化。结果表明,厌氧还原土壤灭菌处理可以降低土壤p H值和Ec值,去除SO42-和NO3-等水溶性盐分离子,调节土壤理化性质,尖孢镰刀菌由处理前104cfu g-1降低至103cfu g-1的致病临界浓度,起到抑制土传植物病原菌作用,防治设施农业连作障碍。不同有机物料的处理效果均较好,但处理间差异不显著,虽处理10天与处理15天相比,各处理样品的理化性质和微生物含量变化不显著,但与处理5天相比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。
The problems of continuous cropping obstacles in the facilities agricultural soil, such as soil degradation,frequent soil-borne diseases et al., were caused by mass application of chemical fertilizers, large evaporation capacity,less rain leaching, and so on. Using the strong reduction method would create strong reducing environment, rapidly improve the degraded soil, and then increase the output of crop and farmers' income. Soil samples were respectively divided into seven groups, i.e. reference(without adding material and water), treatment 1(adding a small amount of straw with water flooding), treatment 2(adding high amount of straw with water flooding), treatment 3(adding a small amount of straw and pig with water flooding), treatment 4(adding high amount of straw and swine manure with water flooding), treatment 5(adding high amount of straw with saturated water), treatment 6(adding high amount of straw and swine manure with saturated water). Then these samples were placed in a constant temperature box with 30 ℃, and incubated for 15 days under the sealed condition. The samples were taken for three times to analyze the physical and chemical properties and the changes of microbial population during the incubation. Strong reduction conditions reduced soil p H and Ec, and removed the water soluble salt ions such as SO42-, Cl-, NO3-and NH4+, which would adjust soil physical and chemical properties, inhibit Fusarium oxysporum, prevent and control the obstacle of continuous cropping in facilities agriculture. The difference in soil physical and chemical properties and microbial population was not significant(P > 0.05) between 15 days and 10 days, but significant(P < 0.05) between 5 days and10 days.
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期1497-1502,共6页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
江苏省2013年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXLX13_370)
安徽省振兴计划项目(2014zdjy137)
安徽省大学生创新训练项目(AH201411305053)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(11040606M28)资助
关键词
厌氧还原土壤灭菌
设施蔬菜地
连作障碍
土壤性质
Anaerobic reduction soil disinfestation
Fields of vegetables in facility
Obstacle of continuous cropping
Physical and chemical soil properties
