摘要
自 2 0世纪 70年代以来 ,地球物理反演方法已走向成熟 ,这些方法包括地震走时反演与波场反演、层析成像反演、线性化迭代反演、仿真淬火法反演、遗传算法及联合反演方法等。地震反演的目标不仅仅是波速模型 ,而且是地球内部的精细组构和动力学过程 ,并向密度、各向异性及粘度等更多参数成像发展。波动方程线性化迭代反演基于开放物理系统状态发生相变的原理 ,要进一步改善模型参数化的技术和迭代过程的自组织 ;仿真淬火法与遗传算法基于自然过程的指数率或生物演化的优生率 ,可以相互结合以提高解估计的分辨率与置信度 ;联合反演要结合岩石物理性质的统计规律 ,才能取得兼容地质与综合方法的应用效果。地球动力学中的反问题不仅涉及偏微分方程系数项的求解 ,而且涉及初始条件或初始边界的求解 ,对地球动力学作用过程研究特别重要。
The geophysical inversion methods have been mature since 1970s. These methods include the travel-time inversion and seismic tomography, the waveform inversion and linearized iteration method, the simulated annealing, the genetic algorithms and joint inversion methods. The objectives of the seismic inversion are not only to construct velocity structures, but also to elucidate detailed fabrics and dynamic processes, and to image the Earth's density, anisotropy and viscosity. The linearized iteration method is based on the state changes of phases in an open physical system. It can be improved by advanced parameterization techniques and adoption of the self-organization for the iterative process. The simulated annealing and the genetic algorithms are based on exponentiation law of natural processes or optimal hybridization genetics. Combination of the advantages existing in both the simulated annealing and the genetic algorithms may generate even better inversion results by means of resolution and robustness. One should consider statistic equations linking different physical properties of rocks for the joint inversion in order to obtain better inversion results. Inversion problems of geodynamic processes involve not only with solving the coefficient terms in the partial differential equations, but also with solving the initial or boundary conditions, being a new challenge to the traditional geophysical inversion theories.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
2002年第4期389-396,共8页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家重大科学工程资助项目"中国大陆科学深钻工程"
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 0 1740 13 )
