摘要
研究了鼎湖山南亚热带森林同一演替系列中3个不同演替阶段(马尾松针叶林、马尾松荷木混交林和季风常绿阔叶林)生态系统碳贮量和分配格局特征,并探讨了该地区森林演替过程中生态系统碳吸存潜力和速度。结果表明:(1)针叶林各组分碳素含量高于阔叶林对应组分的碳素含量(后者是前者的72.0%～94.5%)。两个森林植物碳素含量,不同层次比较,均为乔木层>灌木层>草本层,不同器官比较,以根或干最高。(2)乔木层生物量随森林演替进展而增加。针叶林、混交林和阔叶林乔木层生物量分别为:143.5t/hm2、270.1t/hm2和407.8t/hm2,其中大部分由干和皮组成(各器官占乔木层生物量的比例平均为:叶2.8%、枝19.3%、干和皮混合57.0%、根20.9%)。林下层生物量为4.23～14.10t/hm2,是乔木层的1.0%～9.8%,随森林演替进展而减少。(3)土壤容重随深度增加而增加,但随森林演替进展而减少。与土壤容重相反,土壤有机碳含量随深度增加而明显减少,但随森林演替进展而增加。(4)3种类型森林生态系统碳总贮量分别为135.8t/hm2、215.1t/hm2和259.7t/hm2。生态系统碳贮量在各组分的格局十分相似,植被、土壤和凋落物层所占比例均分别约为67.6%、30.2%和2.2%。与其它地带森林比较,鼎湖山保护区森林植被与土壤碳贮量之比和表层(0～20cm)的土壤碳占整个?
There is the potential to reduce carbon sources and increase carbon sinks from management of the world's forests. Carbon emissions from forests can be reduced by protecting and conserving the carbon pools in existing forests. Carbon sinks can be created by expanding carbon storage capacities through increasing the area and/or carbon density of native forests, plantations and agroforests. With the implement of Natural Forest Protection Program and Forest Reservation Project in the near future, it can be predicted that Chinese forest ecosystems will act as a huge carbon sink. However, there is little information available about carbon sequestration on forest ecosystems, especially on forest ecosystems of subtropical China. This research was conducted in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHSBR), which is located in lower subtropical China. There are mainly three types of forest, including Pine Forest (PF), Pine and Broadleaf Mixed Forest (PBMF), and Monsoon Evergreen Broadleaf Forest (MEBF), which represent three stages of a series of forest succession. The carbon storage and its distribution pattern in these forest ecosystems were studied, and the potential, rate and allocation of carbon sequestrated by forest ecosystems based on this study were also discussed in this paper. Results showed as follows:(1) The mean carbon concentrations of vegetation decreased with the development of PF ecosystem. Carbon concentrations for plant organs except for leaves were generally 20 percent higher in PF than those in MEBF. Both PF and MEBF, carbon concentrations were significantly higher in tree layer than those in other layers comparing with different layers, and generally highest in root or branches comparing with different organs.(2) Biomass of trees in the studied forests increased with development of forest succession, and was estimated to be: 1435t/hm2 (PF), 2701t/hm2 (PBMF) and 4078t/hm2 (MEBF). This biomass was mostly distributed in the component of stem and bark. The percentages of different organs accounted for tree biomass were: 570% stem and bark, 209% root, 193% branch, 28% leaves, respectively Biomass of understory plant was 423～1410t/hm2, decreasing with development of forest succession. Similar to biomass of understory, standing stock of litters on the forest floor decreased with development of forest succession, ranging from 392 to 1091t/hm2. (3) Soil bulk density was 086～154g/cm3, and increased generally with depths (107g/cm3, 125 g/cm3, 130g/cm3 and 130g/cm3 for 0～10cm, 10～20cm, 20～40cm and 40～60cm soil depth, respectively) in all forests. Soil bulk density in all levels of soil depths in PF were similar to those in PBMF, however, in both forests they were higher than those in MEBF. Soil carbon concentrations in all forests decreased with soil depths (223%, 113%, 071% and 049% for 0～10cm, 10～20cm, 20～40cm and 40～60cm soil depth, respectively) and exhibited in the following order: MEBF > PBMF > PF. (4) The total carbon storage of three forest ecosystems was estimated to be: 1358t/hm2 (PF), 2151t/hm2 (PBMF) and 2597t/hm2 (MEBF), of which 676 percent was contributed by vegetation, 302 percent by soil, and only 22 percent by standing litters on the floor. Comparing with other similar forests, the carbon storage in vegetation was relatively higher in the studied forests, the carbon storage in soils, however, was relatively lower in the studied forests. The ratio of vegetation carbon to soil carbon in these forests was very high (224), comparing with the average value for Global forest and Chinese forest (046 and 036, respectively). In addition, the proportion of carbon storage in the upper 20cm soil to that in the whole soil in the studied forests was also higher, comparing with the average value for Global forest and Chinese forest.(5) The carbon sequestration increased significantly with development of forest succession in lower subtropical China. Carbon storage would increase by 58 percent
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第9期1685-1694,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270283)
中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿资助项目
中国科学院华南植物研究所所长基金资助项目
广东省自然科学基金资助项目(021524)~~
关键词
森林演替
南亚
热带森林生态系统
碳吸存
碳贮量
forest succession
carbon storage
carbon sequestration
lower subtropical China
