摘要
人体体重的调节机制包括基因、生理和行为因素。体重的体成分的稳定需要能量摄入与能量消耗相匹配并且应保证营养平衡 ,肥胖通常伴随高能量消耗率。近来 ,在啮齿动物体内发现了一个由 3个环节构成的能量平衡反馈调节机制。除极少数特例之外 ,大多数肥胖者血浆中的瘦素水平较高 ,并与脂肪组织的大小有关。然而 ,在肥胖者体内并没有观察到预想的调节反应 (能量摄入的减少和能量消耗的增加 )。因此 ,肥胖者对内源性的瘦素产生抵抗。人们对是否瘦素信号传导中出现的缺陷会在肥胖的发展中起作用产生极大兴趣 ,但需进一步研究。目前的资料表明 ,基因与环境会影响人类倾向于肥胖的摄食行为 ,高脂肪高能量的饮食会通过刺激相对于需要来说过多的能量摄入而损害体重调节机制。
The mechanisms involved in body weight regulation in humans include genetic,physiological and behavioral factors.Stability of body weight and body composition requires that energy intake matches energy expenditure and that nutrient balance is achieved.Human obesity is usually associated with high rates of energy expenditure.A feedback regulatory loop with three distinct steps has been recently identified in rodents.With the exception of a few very rare cases,the majority of obese human subjects have high plasma leptin levels that are related to the size of adipose tissue mass.However,the expected regulatory responses(reduction in food intake and increase in energy expenditure) are not observed in obese individuals.Thus obese humans are resistant to the effect of endogenous leptin.Whether defects in the leptin signaling cascade play a role in the development of human obesity is a field of great actual interest that needs further research.Present evidences suggest that genetic and environmental factors influence eating behavior of people prone to obesity and that diets that are high in fat or energy dense undermine body weight regulation by promoting and overconsumption of energy relative to need.This summarize would concern the above aspects.
出处
《体育与科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第5期18-24,共7页
Sports & Science
关键词
肥胖
体重
调节机制
瘦素
能量消耗
脂肪组织
遗传因素
obesity,set point for body weight metabolic efficiency,hypothalamic and brain stem centers,satiety,satiation,ob gene
