摘要
利用 Forage Ratio指数对小相岭山系大熊猫与放牧牲畜的生境选择进行了比较研究 ,研究涉及 1 1种生境因子。研究结果表明 ,大熊猫喜欢选择在山体的脊部和中部的凸坡 ,坡向南坡 ,喜欢选择 0～ 2 4 %的灌木盖度 ,喜欢竹子盖度大于 5 0 %的原始针叶林 ,对坡度、乔木高度、乔木郁闭度、灌木高度不存在选择性 ,都为随机利用。放牧牲畜喜欢选择利用复合坡、山体的下部、坡度小于 2 0°的山坡 ;喜欢利用的生境类型是草坡和灌丛 ;选择的森林起源是次生林 ;所利用生境的乔木高度为 5～ 9m,对坡向、乔木郁闭度、灌木高度、灌木盖度、竹子盖度都随机利用。放牧家畜与大熊猫在对生境因子的利用上有许多共同点 ,对许多因子类型大多都是随机利用 ,因而 ,在对一些生境因子的利用上 ,放牧对大熊猫的活动会产生一定的影响。同时 ,它们在生境选择上也存在一定的差异 ,特别是在对植被类型和森林起源的选择上差异较大 ,只要合理的规划和控制放牧活动 。
Two methods, the forage ratio selection index and contingency table analysis, were used in 2001 to describe habitat selection of both giant pandas and grazing livestock at the Yele Nature Reserve, located in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains of Sichuan Province in China's Southwest. We used the degree, aspect, position and shape of slope, vegetation type, forest origin, tree height, canopy, shrub height, shrub coverage and bamboo coverage to characterize habitats of both the giant panda and livestock. The economy of the area is undeveloped and local people rely heavily on raising grazing livestock, mostly yaks which consume bamboo stems, leaves and shoots as part of their diet. Our survey and associated data base consists of 98 routes and 482 plots and covers an area of about 200 km 2. A route was a path encompassing a two square kilometer area set within a reserve; along the path, plots were placed every 200 m change in elevation or change in vegetation. These data enable us to assess the impacts of livestock grazing on the habitat of the giant panda. By using the forage ratio selection index, we can estimate impacts on giant panda populations. Among the 482 sampling plots in our survey, panda traces, mostly giant panda droppings, were found at 54 plots and livestock grazing at 159 plots. These giant panda traces as well as grazing livestock were observed between 2870~3900m and 2700~4000m respectively. Forage ratio selection indices suggest that the giant panda prefers habitats characterized by a convex slope, south aspect, old conifer forests, shrub coverage of 0~24%, bamboo coverage above 50%, and shows no preference for other factors, such as slope angle, tree, canopy, or shrub height. In contrast, grazing livestock prefer habitats characterized by either concave or convex slopes, lower slope positions, slope angles less than 20°, shrubs and meadows, re growth forests with 5 to 9m tall trees, and shows no preference for slope aspect, tree canopy, shrub height or coverage, and bamboo coverage. Both giant pandas and grazing livestock randomly select the remaining habitat factors in the Yele Nature Reserve. The overlap of certain habitat types by both giant pandas and grazing livestock results in competition for space and food resources. This overlap is greatest in forests with the same tree canopy and shrub heights. However, habitat separation does occur as giant pandas prefer to forage in conifer forests whereas grazing livestock prefer re growth forests, which gives us the opportunity to plan and design habitats more suitable for grazing livestock and to separate these habitats from preferred giant panda habitats. Such a design should enable both the economically sustainable development of communities and the conservation of the giant panda.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第11期2253-2259,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家林业局资助项目
国家自然科学基金重大资助项目 ( 3 9893 3 60 )~~
关键词
大熊猫
放牧
生境选择
小相岭
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
grazing
habitat selection
Xiaoxiangling Mountains
