摘要
良好的土壤物理环境,是农业高产稳产的基础。通过9年定位研究阐明,红壤性水稻土无机肥连施特别是偏施,随着有机和无机胶结物质的数量减少,土壤结构性遭受破坏,容重增值,孔隙度降低,水稳性结构破坏率提高,微团聚体分数系数上升,致使土壤紧实,耕性变坏,土壤肥力衰退。无机肥与有机肥配合施用能有效地提高作物产量,改善土壤物理环境,为建立优化施肥结构展示了良好前景。
Good soil physical environment is a fundamental for gaining stable and high yields of crops. The return way of organic materials was controlled artificially in the present study. Results from the nine-year filed location study show that in the case of continuous application of inorganic fertilizers, especially mono-application of inorganic fertilizers, in paddy soil from red soil, the soil structure was damaged, soil became more compact, the tilth of soil became worse, the plowpan rose, and the land productivity declined as a result of decrease in the inorganic and organic colloids.In the case of continuous application inorganic fertilizers, the bulk density of soil increased by 46—86kg m^(-3), total porosity decreased by 1.43—2.92%, capillary porosity increased by 1.44—3.74%, non-capillary porosity decreased by 3.18—5.48%, the proportion of non-capillary porosity in total porosity decreased from 13.09% to 4.14—8.05%. Meantime the formation and stability of aggregates were affected. Destruction rate of>0.25mm water-stable aggregates increased which was most significantly related to the total input of available nutrients by organic fertilizers (r=0.7958). It show that under the condition of lacking organic fertilizers, the land productivity was more dangerous to be broken with applying more chemical fertilizer.The deterioration of soil physical properties affected prefoundly rice yiled. The total rice yield of 9 years in various treaments was in the order of NPK+O M. >NPK(double)>NPK>NK>NP>N>P>K>CK. The total rice yield of continuous application of inorganic fe rtilizers decreased by 3175.5—38488.5 kg ha^(-1) compared with that of co(?)bined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, being consistent with the variation of soil structure. Under the condition of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, the yield of rice was increased efficiently, and the physical environment of soil was improved.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第2期168-174,共7页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
关键词
红壤性
水稻土
无机肥
土壤结构
Paddy soil from red soil, Aggregate, Porosity, Destruction rate
