摘要
Dramatic changes took place in the Chinese theater in the 20 th century, with modernization emerging as the dynamics for development. We explore the relations between modernization and enlightenment, in between modernization and localization, in an attempt to show that the fundamental elements of Chinese theater should be taken as the starting point for any understanding and research. In other words, more attention should be paid to the modernization of the art itself, including its growing autonomy and growing affirmation of artistic tastes of ordinary people. All these changes unfolded themselves in two major dimensions: on the one hand, Chinese theater began its modern experimentation; while on the other hand, it showed a tendency towards localization and return to its traditions. Almost all changes came from interactions between modernization and localization. Modern trends and the tendency towards localization provide a key to understand the evolution of Chinese theater in the 20 th century.
二十世纪中国戏剧发生巨大变化，现代性因之成为发展的重要动力。本文试图从现代性与启蒙的关系，尤其是现代性与本土化的关系等角度说明，认识与研究中国戏剧的发展变化。因此，应该更多地注意到艺术本身出现的具有现代性意义的发展变化，它包括艺术更趋于自律，平民的艺术趣味得到更多肯定等等基于艺术层面的具有现代性精神内涵的变化。这些变化围绕着两个重要的维度展开。其一是中国戏剧开始了它对现代性的探索，与之相对应的是一方面则是源于传统的本土化倾向。几乎所有重要的变化均基于现代性与本土化的互动。只有准确理解二十世纪中国戏剧发展进程的现代性与本土化倾向，才能真正理解二十世纪中国戏剧。
