摘要
中美建交发生在卡特政府时期,而此时正是国会外交权全面复兴时期,国会在中美建交过程中扮演了重要角色。国会对中美建交的总体态度是:1.原则上支持中美建交,认同中美建交的价值;2.要求参与中美建交问题的磋商,对行政部门不与其磋商的做法普遍不满;3.非常关心台湾的安全和利益。在这些态度的影响下,国会利用宪法明确赋予的权力以及其它方式对中美建交问题进行了广泛地干预,为中美建交设置了不少"路障",极大地增加了建交过程的复杂性和曲折性。国会的干预总体上具有隐性干预与显性干预相结合、滞后性与被动性、攻击性与妥协性并存、修补性的特点。国会对中美建交的干预产生了广泛而深远的影响。纵观中美建交的始末,我们可以清晰地看到国会在其中起到了非主导但却很关键的作用。这启示我们要大力加强对美国国会的外交工作。
The establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations occurred during the Carter administration.Congress was prepared for full diplomatic renaissance during this period,so Congress played an important role in the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations. The general attitudes of Congress towards this issue are: 1.Supporting for this issue in principle and recognizing the value of this issue; 2. Requiring being involved in the consultation of this issue and showing general dissatisfaction with the lack of consultation of the executive branch; 3. Being very concerned about the safety and interests of Taiwan. Under the guidance of these attitudes,Congress used the powers clearly given by the Constitution and other ways to intervene this issue. The intervention of congress set up a lot of " roadblocks" to this issue,which greatly increased the complexity and tortuosity of the process of the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations. In general,the intervention of Congress has four characteristics,including the using of both implicit and explicit ways,the quality of hysteresis and passiveness,the quality of aggressiveness and compromise,and the quality of repair. The intervention of Congress has had a broad and far-reaching impact. Throughout the whole story of the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations,we can clearly see that Congress played a non-dominant but very important role in this issue. It tells us we need to vigorously strengthen our diplomatic work aimed at the U. S. Congress.
出处
《中山大学研究生学刊（社会科学版）》
2014年第3期10-43,共34页
Journal of the Graduates Sun YAT-SEN University(Social Sciences)
关键词
美国国会
中美关系
中美建交
美国外交
U.S.Congress
Sino-US relations
The establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations
U.S.foreign policy
