摘要
页岩气是一种重要的非常规天然气资源,正在改变世界能源、经济和政治格局。渗透率是评价页岩气藏商业开采可行性的重要参数之一,由于页岩的致密性,页岩气的流动机理不同于常规气藏,因此,页岩储层渗透率测试和页岩气流动模型已成为当前国际研究的热点课题之一。在对页岩气开采技术简单介绍的基础上,综述了页岩储层渗透率测试的试验和理论研究现状,分析了气体吸附对页岩渗透率的影响。阐述了页岩气流动模型的最新进展,分析了双重孔隙模型描述气体迁移的准确性,提出了描述均匀储层中页岩气解吸-扩散-渗流多级运移模型。评述了页岩气开采的温室效应和对地下水的影响,并简单介绍了适合页岩气开采的新技术即无水压裂开采技术,即采用CO2对页岩气藏分段压裂,同时将CO2埋存于废弃井中。最后,对页岩储层渗透率测试和页岩气流动模型研究的新发展以及无水压裂技术进行了展望。
Shale gas, an important unconventional natural gas resources, is transforming world energy and economic and political pattern. Permeability is one of the most important parameters of shale gas reservoirs that estimates their viability for commercial development. The mechanism of gas flow in the shale gas reservoirs is different from that of a conventional gas reservoir because of the tight nature of the rock matrix. Therefore, permeability measurements of shale reservoirs and flow model for shale gas have become one of hot topics for international research in nowadays. In this paper, theoretical and experimental studies of permeability measurements of shale reservoirs are summarized based on a simple presentation of shale gas production technique. Furthermore, the effects of gas adsorption on shale permeability are analyzed. Latest advances of shale gas flow model are reviewed; and accuracy of a dual-pore model describing gas transport is analyzed. Multistage transport models for desorption and diffusion and seepage of shale gas are presented, which can be used to describe behavior of gas flow in the homogeneous reservoirs. Brief reviews on greenhouse effect of shale gas extraction and its impact on groundwater are also addressed; and then shale gas production technique for waterless hydraulic fracturing is presented. That is, shale gas reservoirs are fractured multistage via carbon dioxide injection, and meanwhile carbon dioxide is sequestrated in the abandoned shale gas wells. A few of comments are also made on the future research directions and subjects on permeability measurements of shale reservoirs and shale gas flow model and waterless hydraulic fracturing technology.
出处
《岩土力学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第S2期85-100,共16页
Rock and Soil Mechanics
基金
江苏省2013年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划(No.CXLX13_934)
国家"973计划"(No.2009CB219605)
国家自然科学基金(No.50774083
No.40811120546
No.41074040)
关键词
页岩气
渗透率
吸附
流动模型
环境效应
无水压裂
shale gas
permeability
adsorption
flow model
environmental effect
waterless hydraulic fracturing
