摘要
2016—2017年,以丰产期‘砂糖橘’为试材,研究其落果觃律及环割(剥)对其生理落果、秋梢萌发与成花的影响。结果表明:丰产期‘砂糖橘’开花期在4月上旬,开花期间无落蕾、落花现象;第1次生理落果出现在4月21日至5月23日,历时33 d;第2次生理落果出现在5月16日至7月10日,历时56 d;第1次生理落果末期与第2次生理落果前期约有6 d重叠;第1次生理落果率在60%以上,第2次生理落果率在30%以上,自然坐果率5%左右。在2次生理落果即将开始前环割和环剥的坐果率与产量均极显著高于对照,其中环剥处理3和处理4坐果率偏高、结果量大、果实变小、秋梢萌发量少且弱、成花率低,不宜应用于成年树保果;在2次生理落果前各环割1次(处理1)可提高单果重、中果比率、商品果率、秋梢数量以及秋梢成花率,保果效果较佳。
‘Shatangju’ mandarin entering high-yield period was used as test material and the pattern of fruit drop and effects of girdling on the physiological fruit drop, the sprouting of autumn shoot and formation flowering were investigated during the period of 2016-2017. ‘Shatangju’ mandarin in the stage of high-yield flowered in early April. The phenomenon of flower and bud drop didn’t appear during the flowering period. The first stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 21st of April to 23th of May and it lasted for 33 days. The second stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 16th of May to 10th of July and it lasted for 57 days. About 6 days overlapped between the end of the first physiological fruit drop and the early stage of the second physiological fruit drop. The rate of fruit drop at the first stage was above 60%, the second stage was above 30% and the natural fruition rate was about 5%. The fruition rate and yields by girdling before the start of two stages of physiological fruit drop were very significantly higher compared with the control. Through the treatment with band girdling(treatment 3 and 4), the fruition rate was too high, the number of fruit was in large quantity, the fruit became small, the sprouting autumn shoots were weak and the amount was limited, which led to low formation flowering rate, so band girlding was not suitable for fruit retention of adult trees. Ring girdling for one time before the start of two stages respectively(treatment 1) could increase the single fruit weight, the ratio of middle fruit, the rate of marketable fruit, the number and formation flowering rate of autumn shoots, and the effect of fruit retention was better.
作者
张社南
贺申魁
梅正敏
刘冰浩
区善汉
ZHANG Shenan;HE Shenkui;MEI Zhengmin;LIU Binghao;QU Shanhan(Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology,Guilin 541004)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2019年第2期26-29,36,共5页
China Fruits
基金
桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20170108-1)
广西柑橘创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-05-02)
关键词
'砂糖橘’
落果
环割(剥)
保果
‘Shatangju’ mandarin
fruit drop
girdling
fruit retention
