摘要
高放核废物的地中处置(HLW)与CO2的捕集与封存(CCS)在环境问题方面有一定的相似性。文章从物理性质、封存机理、环境影响角度,就CO2和HLW地质处置的环境问题进行对比研究,旨在为CCS的环境风险管理提供思路。通过对比分析得出,泄漏的CO2在地层和空气中的扩散能力较强,对人体健康、水体质量等都有一定的影响,但危害程度比较浅,持续时间也比较短;而泄漏哪怕极少的核素,其放射性和毒性都会对人体健康和环境安全造成很严重的威胁。因此,同样剂量泄漏的背景下,CO2的环境影响没有HLW的环境影响严重,CO2地质封存可以从核废物地中处置的环境管理中借鉴经验。
As a geological disposal engineering,CCS is similar with the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste( HLW) in the aspect of technology and environmental problems. In an effort to provide some new ideas for the environmental risk management of CCS,this paper presented a contrastive analysis of the environmental problems of CCS and HLW from the aspects of physical property,disposal mechanism and environmental impacts. Through the comparative analysis,it is concluded that high-level CO2 may cause irritation to mucous membranes and respiratory tract,lead to suffocation,acidize soil and water,affect the survival of flora and fauna,and even cause damage to the ecosystem. The diffusivity capacity of CO2 is more powerful than radionuclide,however,the harmful level of CO2 is smaller than radionuclide,and the duration is shorter than radionuclide. Even if few radionuclide will result in severe damage to the human health and environmental security. Hence,CCS can learn some experiences and lessons from the environmental management of HLW.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第S1期203-207,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(编号:2012087)
环保部CCUS环境风险管理试点研究项目(编号:2014A128)
中欧煤炭利用近零排放合作项目(编号:2013-11)
关键词
CO2
地质封存
核废物
地中处置
环境影响问题对比
carbon dioxide
geological disposal
high-level radioactive waste
comparative analysis
