摘要
研究明确了番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西的发生范围、不同种植茬口的发病率、烟粉虱对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,为病毒病防治提供理论依据。通过田间定期普查和人工接虫相结合的方法研究烟粉虱在番茄黄化曲叶病毒病侵染循环中所起的作用。结果表明,从不同种植区域看,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西番茄栽培区域普遍发生,其中渭南、延安、西安、咸阳等地区发生最重,平均发病株率52.3%,平均病情指数32.6,汉中地区未见发生。越夏茬番茄平均发病株率94.8%,平均病情指数53.8,平均产量降低74.0%;秋延茬和越冬茬次之,早春茬为害最轻。烟粉虱发生期与病毒病发生期吻合,烟粉虱在较低密度情况下发生后20～25天,田间出现病毒病流行;在较高密度情况下,发生后10～15天田间出现病毒病流行。单株番茄单头烟粉虱带毒,即可引起番茄侵染病毒,随着虫口密度的增加,发病株率及发病程度增加。烟粉虱在感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒植株上获毒15 min后即可传毒,并能够引起23.9%的无毒植株染病,获毒720 min时,植株感病率高达95.6%,传毒效率与获毒时间呈正相关关系。陕西关中地区为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病为害严重地区,越夏茬番茄发病最严重,其次是秋延茬和越冬茬,烟粉虱的密度、带毒率、传毒效能是传播番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的关键因子,有效切断烟粉虱的传播以及避开烟粉虱的发生高峰期是制定番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防治策略的科学基础。
The paper aims to clarify the occurrence scope of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCVD) in Shaanxi Province, the incidence of different cropping stubble and the effect of Bemisia tabaci on TYLCVD,providing a basis for the prevention and control of virus disease. The effect of B. tabaci on the infection cycle ofTYLCVD was studied by means of regular field census and artificial inoculation. The results show thatTYLCVD is generally common in tomato cultivation areas in Shaanxi. The most serious disease occurs inWeinan, Yan’an, Xi’an and Xianyang, with an average incidence of 52.3% and a disease index of 32.6. Thedisease does not occur in Hanzhong. The disease of the summer stubble is the most serious, with an averageincidence of 94.8%, an average disease index of 53.8, and an average yield reduction of 74.0%, the disease ofautumn stubble and winter stubble are the second, and the disease of the early spring stubble is the lightest.The occurrence period of B. tabaci coincides with the virus disease, the virus epidemic occurs in field 20-25 days after the occurrence of B. tabaci at low density, and 10-15 days after the occurrence of high density. Anindividual tomato with a single veneniferous B. tabaci could cause tomato infection virus, with the increase ofthe population density, the incidence and degree of disease increase in turn. After being infected withTYLCVD for 15 minutes, the B. tabaci can transmit the virus and cause 23.9% non-toxic plant diseases. The susceptibility rate reaches 95.6% after 720 minutes and the transmission efficiency is positively correlated with the time of poisoning. In Shaanxi Province, TYLCVD is serious in Guanzhong area, the most serious disease is found in summer stubble, followed by that in autumn stubble and winter stubble. The density, toxicity and virulence efficacy of B. tabaci are the key factors for transmission of TYLCVD. Effective cutting off the transmission of B. tabaci and avoiding the occurrence peak of B. tabaci are the scientific basis for formulating the control strategy of TYLCVD.
作者
李英梅
白青
王周平
张伟兵
刘晨
杨艺炜
Li Yingmei;Bai Qing;Wang Zhouping;Zhang Weibing;Liu Chen;Yang Yiwei(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi/Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710043;Seed Administrative Station of Linwei District of Weinan City,Weinan Shaanxi 714000;Horticultural and Silkworm Station of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710043)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2019年第4期102-107,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
陕西省科学院重点项目"蔬菜绿色生产工程-产业化支撑技术熟化与提升"(2018k-03)
陕西省科技厅"陕西茄果类蔬菜抗病增产嫁接栽培技术研究与示范"(2018NY-035)
西安市农业科技创新工程"菜田烟粉虱成灾规律与防控技术体系构建与应用"[201806116YF04NC12(3)]
关键词
番茄
烟粉虱
黄化曲叶病毒
传毒效能
tomato
Bemisia tabaci
yellow leaf curl disease
transmission efficiency of toxin
