摘要
为研究气象要素对枫叶变红时间、程度的影响,并对赏枫天气适宜度做出准确预报,利用2014—2017年辽东本溪、本溪县、桓仁3个国家级气象站9—10月气象资料和关门山公园、老边沟景区、中华枫叶之路、枫林谷等16个监测区域65个监测样点枫叶物候观测资料,分析影响枫叶变色的气象条件及最佳观赏期特点,确定枫红气象指数的计算方法和等级划分。结果表明:(1)辽东山区进入初红状态平均时间是9月26日,进入正红状态平均时间是10月8日;枫叶进入初红状态的时间较初霜日明显提前,进入斑红状态的时间和初霜日对应较好,有70%以上的样点在初霜日前1天到后1天之间进入斑红状态。(2)气温对枫叶变色的影响显著,在枫叶开始变色阶段,日平均温度、日最高气温和日最低气温越低,枫叶变色率越高;降水对枫叶变色也有一定的影响,7—9月降雨较多的年份,枫叶进入最佳观赏状态时间较晚,但枫叶观赏期较长。(3)每年9月16日之后,日平均气温在12~18℃时,枫叶进入初红状态;日平均气温在5~15℃时,枫叶进入正红状态;日最低气温低于10℃,并累积超过3天,进入初红状态;日最低气温低于6℃,并累积超过3天进入正红状态;气温日较差大于15℃,并积累超过3天,开始进入初红状态。(4)枫叶变色前都会经历一次明显的降温,初红状态出现在降温后的第1天或第2天,斑红状态出现在降温后的第3天或第4天。(5)根据分析结果建立枫红气象指数,划分为4级标准,分别为一级适宜、二级较适宜、三级不太适宜、四级不适宜,分级表征枫红的观赏适宜度,为游客赏枫提供参考。
The paper aims to study the influence of meteorological factors on maple leaves reddening and forecast maple leaves viewing index.Using meteorological data of 3 meteorological observation stations(Benxi,Benxixian,Huanren)and maple leaf phenological data of 65 monitoring sites in 16 monitoring areas(Guanmenshan park,Laobiangou scenic area,Chinese maple leaf road,maple valley and so on)from September to October in 2014-2017,we analyzed the meteorological conditions affecting the maple leaves reddening and the characteristics of the best viewing period.Results indicated that:(1)the average time of maple leaves entering the first red stage in Liaodong mountain area was on September 26,and the average time of entering the full red stage was October 8,maple leaves entered the first red stage significantly ahead of the first frost day,and entered the spot red stage in good correspondence to the first frost day,more than 70%of the sample sites entered spot red stage between 1 day prior to and 1 day after the first frost day;(2)the effect of temperature on maple leaves reddening was remarkable,in the beginning period,the lower the average temperature,the daily highest temperature and the daily lowest temperature,the higher the reddening rate of maple leaves was,precipitation also had certain effects on the reddening of maple leaves,in years with more rainfall in July and September,maple leaves entered the best viewing stage relatively late,but the viewing period of maple leaves was longer;(3)after September 16,maple leaves entered the first red stage when the daily average temperature was 12-18℃,entered the full red stage when the average daily temperature was 5-15℃;maple leaves entered the first red stage when the daily minimum temperature was below 10℃for more than 3 d,entered the full red stage when the daily minimum temperature was below 6℃for more than 3 d,entered the first red stage when the range of daily temperature was greater than 15℃for more than 3 d;(4)there was an obvious cooling before the maple leaves entered the first red stage,the first red stage would appear in the 1 stor 2 ndday after cooling,and the spot red stage would appear in the 3 rdor 4 thday after the cooling;(5)according to the analysis,a maple meteorological index was established,which was divided into four levels as most suitable,suitable,relatively suitable and unsuitable,indicating the degree of maple viewing.
作者
侯亚红
息涛
张蕊
关健华
明惠青
赵淼
Hou Yahong;Xi Tao;Zhang Rui;Guan Jianhua;Ming Huiqing;Zhao Miao(Liaoning Province Meteorological Service Center,Shenyang 110166;The Weather Bureau of Dongling District of Shenyang,Shenyang 110168)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2019年第16期112-121,共10页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
辽宁省气象局科技项目“辽宁省观鸟、避暑、枫红、冰雪气象指数研究”(201710)
关键词
枫叶变色率
相关分析
气象条件阈值
枫红气象指数
因子相加法
maple leaf reddening rate
correlation analysis
meteorological condition threshold
maple leaves reddening weather index
additive method of factors
