摘要
"富民"、"农商"、赋役等牧民理政方式和南北整合,近年来相继成为多维度诠释中国古代史的切入点。学者从不同角度出发进行阐释:或依据富民阶层崛起且居社会经济关系的核心,认为中唐以后是"富民社会";或主张宋以降狭义的江南属于典型的"农商社会",明清国家、社会、文化总体形态又可称"帝制农商社会";或从财经政策层面探讨宋、明政府与社会、税源扩充和防闲"巨室"。有学者指出,明代国家与编民的关系构建于"纳粮当差","一条鞭法"则转变为"完纳钱粮"。笔者的研究结论是,商鞅开创的"编民耕战",实乃帝制国家统辖"齐民"的基本模式,"不抑兼并"是中唐以降对该模式的变通;中古以来南北差异经历了若干次博弈整合,因此其社会经济及民族交融的主线经常是以南北地域为载体来施展或表现。以上研究均有宏大的问题意识和方法论关怀,对帝制国家社会经济结构、国家与民众的关系、区域差异及整合等,进行"长时段"和总体史描述,且有所突破,可视为融通断代和多维度诠释中国古代史的良好尝试。
In recent years,'rich people '(fumin),'agriculture and commerce'(nongshang),taxation and corvée and other governance methods,and the integration of north and south have become new points of view for interpreting ancient Chinese history.Some consider China after the mid-Tang dynasty to be'a society of rich people '(fumin shehui),based on the rise of the class of wealthy people and their core position in socioeconomic relations.Some argue that after the Song dynasty,the Jiangnan area became a typical'society of agriculture and commerce'(nongshang shehui)and that the Ming and Qing dynasties can be characterized as an'imperial society of agriculture and commerce. 'Some explore the governance and societies of the Song and Ming dynasties from the points of view of financial policies,including new forms of taxation and prevention against the power of'huge clans'(jushi).Some scholars point out that in the Ming dynasty,the relationship between the empire and the registered population were built on the system of'taxation and corvée, 'and that the'Single Whip' system(yitiaobianf a)was transformed into'paying taxes in money and grain '(wanna qianliang).The author believes that the'farming and warring of registered population'(bianmin gengzhan)policy pioneered by Shang Yang represented a basic mode with which the imperial states'ordered the people '(qimin).The policy of'no limitation on annexation' adopted by governments after the mid-Tang dynasty was a variation of the bianmin gengzhanpolicy.After the middle ancient times,the north and the south experienced several rounds of gaming and integration.The main themes of their socioeconomic and ethnic exchanges were performed in the northern and southern regions.All these studies,keeping grand vision and methodological issues in mind,interpret the history of imperial China from overall and long span of time perspectives,exploring its economic structure,the relationship between country and people,and the integration of regions.
出处
《中国社会科学评价》
2016年第4期45-54,128,共11页
China Social Science Review
