摘要
以10个中晚熟玉米品种为试验材料,在东华北的5个生态区进行种植试验,对产量、穗部性状、农艺性状、抗倒性、抗病性等进行了研究。结果表明:不同生态区对玉米产量潜力存在很大影响(F=13.53),品种间也存在较大差异(F=22.93);产量构成因素的相关系数为穗数>穗粒数>百粒重,穗部性状受不同生态区的影响程度为秃尖长>穗粒重>穗长>穗行数,秃尖长是不同生态条件下变化最为活跃的穗部性状,与产量呈极显著的负相关;不同生态区抗倒性变化较小,倒伏率变异系数的变幅仅为1.24%～2.43%;在玉米病害方面,山西是病害易发区,不同病害在各生态区的发病存在很大差异。总体上,参试的10个玉米品种在内蒙古和山西更有利于生产潜力的发挥,抗倒性弱的品种适合在内蒙古种植,抗病性弱的品种不宜在山西种植。根据不同生态区的温度、日照和降水量特点,合理调配播种时间、开花时节是提高玉米生态适应性的关键。
Ten mid-late maturing maize cultivars were used as test materials for planting experiments in five ecologicalregions in the Eastern North China. Yield, spike traits, agronomic traits, lodging-resistance, and disease-resistance werestudied. The results showed that different ecological areas had a great influence on the yield potential of maize(F=13.53),and there were also large differences between varieties(F =22.93). Spike traits were affected by different ecologicalareas. Correlation coefficient of yield components followed a trend of number of spikes>grain number per spike>100-grain weight, and baldness length>spike grain weight>spike length>row number. Baldness length were the mostactive spike factor under different ecological conditions, and it had extremely negative correlation with yield. Lodging-resistance changed slightly in different ecological regions. The coefficient of variation of lodging rate(CV) was only1.24%-2.43%. In terms of maize diseases, Shanxi was a disease-prone region, and there were great differences in theincidence of different diseases in each ecological area. In general, the 10 maize varieties tested in Inner Mongolia andShanxi were more conducive to the development of productive potential. The weak lodging-resistant varieties weresuitable for planting in Inner Mongolia, and those with weak disease-resistance were not suitable for planting in Shanxi.According to the characteristics of temperature, light and rainfall in different ecological regions, rational allocation ofsowing date and flowering season is the key to improve the ecological adaptability of maize.
作者
张洋
于惠琳
王延波
Zhang Yang;Yu Huilin;Wang Yanbo(Maize Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第1期38-43,共6页
Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101203-1
2017-YFD0300701-A01A)
关键词
生态区
玉米
产量
抗性
Ecological region
Maize
Yield
Resistance
