摘要
随着水稻直播技术的推广,稻田出现杂草发生严重、除草剂用量加大等问题,而杂草发生种类、优势种群出现多样化,增加了杂草对除草剂的抗性,导致杂草防除困难,影响了直播稻的丰产与稳产;同时直播稻田除草剂的过量使用带来的生产安全性问题值得关注。本文从杂草发生种类、数量及成灾时期、发生差异性(稻作区域、种植方式、直播方式与播种期)、生态学效应及对直播稻生长发育影响等方面综述了直播稻田杂草的发生特性,分析了不同种类杂草的防除途径(化学除草、耕种制度与栽培措施),提出我国目前在直播稻田杂草发生与防除方面研究存在的问题,并对未来直播稻田杂草防治的发展方向进行探讨与展望,旨在提高我国直播稻田杂草的防除效果,促进直播稻生产的轻简高效发展。
Weeds were widely occurred in rice fields with the popularization of rice direct seeding technology,resulting in the increasing use of herbicides.The diversification of the species and dominant populations of weeds occurrence could increase their resistance to herbicides,decreasing grain yield of direct-seeded rice and impeding the development of direct-seeded rice.The safety of rice production owing to the overuse of herbicides in direct seeded rice fields need to be resolved.In this study,we summarized the present research on the characteristics of weeds occurrence of direct-seeded rice in recent years and proposed approaches for determining solving problems in controlling weeds of direct-seeded rice in China.We discussed the prospects for development to improve the efficiency of weeds control in direct-seeded rice field.Measures of comprehensive weeds management in farmland system so as to promote the development of direct-seeded rice production to prevent unreasonable application of chemical herbicides were also proposed.
作者
周燕芝
王文霞
陈丽明
曾勇军
谭雪明
胡水秀
石庆华
潘晓华
曾研华
Zhou Yanzhi;Wang Wenxia;Chen Liming;Zeng Yongjun;Tan Xueming;Hu Shuixiu;Shi Qinghua;Pan Xiaohua;Zeng Yanhua(Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第4期1-9,共9页
Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300501,2017YFND0301605)
国家自然科学基金(31760366)
江西省重点研发计划项目(20171BBF60030)
江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)
江西省自然科学基金(20161BAB214171)
关键词
直播稻
杂草发生
杂草防除
农田生态
研究进展
Direct-seeded rice
Weeds occurrence
Weeds control
Farmland ecosystem
Research progress
