摘要
以西藏 32 0 4份栽培大麦 (Hordeumvulgare)地方品种为材料 ,运用群体遗传学的原理与方法 ,研究了西藏栽培大麦遗传资源的数量、遗传多样性指数和综合变异系数及其生态地理分布特征。结果表明 :1) 2 8°～ 30°N×88°～ 94°E的藏中地区栽培大麦资源分布广泛 ,遗传多样性丰富 ,综合变异系数高 ;2 ) 30°～ 31°N× 96°～ 98°E的藏东横断山脉地区栽培大麦资源、遗传多样性和综合变异系数次之。
Tibet is a most beautiful place, located in southwestern China. She has been called 'the roof of the world' and 'the third pole of the earth'. A combination of unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, and different wild vegetation makes Tibet a very typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem. The ecosystem in Tibet may be the most complex and variable in the world. Unique and complex environments, long agricultural history, different cropping systems, and natural and artificial selection endow Tibetan barely with the richest genetic diversity, which makes Tibet one of the first barley gene centers in the world. Today, whenever and wherever scientists talk about the origin of barley, they always mention Tibet. Since the beginning of this century, Tibet has been drawing attention of scientists from all over the world. Before 1950, because of the known political reasons, some foreign scientists entered and exploited in some collections of Tibetan barley, but they could not capture the whole range of Tibetan barley resources. After the establishment of P. R. China, the Tibetan social system was changed peacefully, and great progress has been made on research of Tibetan barley germplasms. 3 502 accessions of barley germplasm have been collected from Tibet. All of the collections have been cataloged and reserved in the long-term national gene bank. All of these collections have been evaluated and verified on agronomy traits, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutrient content and quality. They were also grouped based on their living habits, botanical and genetic characters. Some elite germplasms were screened out and used in cross breeding programs. Good achievement has been obtained and many high quality papers published. However, the genetic diversity centers and its mode of spread were not studied yet. The author focused on barley genetic diversity centers and its spread mode. The genetic diversity, comprehensive collection of variability of 12 traits and the distribution of 3 204 accessions collected from Tibet and quantitative genetic method are presented in this paper. The results show that: 1) cultivated barley in 28°-30° N × 88°-94° E was highest in accessions, genetic diversity and comprehensive collection of variability; 2) cultivated barley in 30°-31°N×96°-98° E of Hengduan Mountains takes second place. The genetic diversity centers and spread modes of genetic diversity were put forward according to the distribution centers, genetic diversity and comprehensive collection of variability.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第1期133-137,共5页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家社会科学基金项目-西藏人口
资源
环境相互协调与农业可持续发展的技术 ( 0 2BIJY0 3 1)
关键词
西藏
遗传多样性
栽培大麦
遗传资源
Tibet, Genetic, Diversity centers, Cultivated barley
