1Meyers MH, Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Pathogenesis and long- term results of treatment. Clin Orthop, 1988, 231:51-61.
2Mont MA, Hungerford DS. Non - traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg, 1995, 77(3) :459- 474.
3Iida S, Harada Y, Shimizu K, et al. Correlation between bone marrow edema and collapse of the femoral head in steroidinduced osteonecrosis. AIR, 2000, 174(3) :735 - 743.
4Matsuo K, Hirohata T, Sugioka Y, et al. Influence of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and occupational status on idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Clin Orthop. 1988, 234:115- 123.
5Vande Berg BE, Malghem J J, Labaisse MA, et al. MR imaging of avascular necrasis and transient marrow edema of the femoral head. Radiographics, 1993, 13(3) : 501 - 520.
6Conway WF, Totty WG, McEnery KW. CT and MR imaging of the hip. Radiology, 1996, 198(2) :297- 307.
7Mitchell DG, Rao VM, Dalinka MK, et al. Femoral head avascular necrosis: correlation of MR imaging, radiographic staging, radionuclide imaging, and clinical findings. Radiology,1987, 162(3):709- 715.
8Khanna AJ, Yoon TR, Mont MA, et al. Femoral head osteoneerosis :detection and grading by using a rapid MR imaging protocol. Radiology, 2000, 217(1) : 188 - 192.
9Mirow it2 SA, Apicella P, Reinus WR, et al. MR imaging of bone marrow lesions : relative conspicuousness on Ti - weight,fat - suppressed T2 - weighted, and STIR imaging. AJR, 1994,162(1) :215- 221.
10Lecouvet FE, Vand- Bery BC, Michaux L, et al. Stage Ⅲ multiple myeloma: clinical and prognostic value of spinal bone marrow MR imaging. Radiology, 1998, 209(3) :653- 660.