摘要
1984—1987年在湖南桔园进行了综防对策、化防对策和自控(不采取任何人为的防治措施)等处理对柑桔主要害虫——糠片蚧种群影响的比较研究。综防区采用综合措施,刷洗主干,释放部分天敌,剪去蚧虫为害严重的枝条,冬季和夏季分别施用一次松脂合剂和矿油乳剂;化防区按常规每年喷药5—6次;结果表明:综防区全年虫口密度与化防区相近,两者均显著低于自控区;综防区糠片蚧蚜小蜂等寄生性天敌未受到明显的损害,捕食性蓟马、钝绥螨等捕食性天敌明显多于自控区;其它非生物致死因子对幼蚧的作用大于化防区,果实出口率自1986年起亦较化防区显著上升。自控区糠片蚧未得到控制,果实出口率较化防区降低13.3%—29.8%。化防区各种天敌的作用均显著下降,农药残留亦高。除自控区和化防区柑桔全爪螨为害较重外,其它害虫在各区的为害均处于较低的水平。文章还评价了在三种处理区致死因子对糠片蚧种群趋势指数的作用。
A comparative study of three management strategies,namely,the IPMsystem,synthesized with a series of measures such as brushing andwashing the trunk,releasing the natural enemies,cuting off the severedamaged branches,one soda-pine resin mixture spraying in winter andone mineral oil emulsion spraying in summer,etc.,the chemical control(CC),with 5—6 regular spraying of chemical insecticides,and naturalcontrol(NC),without artificial control measures,against the chaffscale Parlatoria pergandii Comstock,one of the major pests in citrus or-chard,was carried out in Hunan Province in 1984—1987.The resultsshowed that the population densities of this insect pest of IPM and CCtreatments were similar and both significantly lower than that of NCtreatment.In IPM plots,there was no obvious damage to the parasitoidsof P.pergandii such as the Aphelinus spp.,the numbers of predatorythrips and Amblyseius spp.were significantly more than those of NC plots,the effects of other non-biological lethal factors were stronger thanthose in CC plots.Consequently,the export rate of mandarin orange inIPM plots has increased since 1986,in comparison with that of CCplots.The damage of chaff scale inNC plots has not been controlled,causing 13.3%—29.8% of orange fruit exportation lowerthan that of CCplots.Whilst in CC plots,the activity of natural enemies was sup-pressed,and the insecticide residue raised.In addition,the density ofcitrus red mite Panonychus citri(McGregor)in NC and CC plots was hi-gher than that of IPM plots.Finally,the effects of various lethal fact-ors on the trend index of population were also discussed.
出处
《植物保护学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第1期47-52,共6页
Journal of Plant Protection
关键词
糠片蚧
柑桔
防治
害虫
chaff scale
IPM
chemical control
natural control
