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变应性鼻炎研究进展(三):鼻用皮质类固醇的药理作用 被引量:54

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摘要 目的 从药理学作用机制的角度介绍鼻用皮质类固醇的应用现状。方法 从全身生物利用度、肝脏首过代谢、脂溶性和效价强度等方面,介绍鼻用皮质类固醇的药物效应动力学参数,再从分子药理学角度,综述皮质类固醇的作用机制,在探讨药物安全性的同时,提出临床治疗应注意的要点。结果鼻用皮质类固醇的全身生物利用度是决定其安全性的关键指标,它取决于经过肝脏首过代谢后,仍具备药理活性的残余药物量和经鼻腔粘膜吸收而进入血液循环的药量。对药物全身生物利用度起首要作用的是药物的肝脏首过灭活率,在肝脏首过灭活率相差不大的情况下,药物经鼻腔吸收量就显得尤为重要。皮 质类固醇通过调节基因的转录,增加抗炎基因的转录和减少炎性基因的转录而发挥抗炎作用。结论 由于药物的安全性研究结果受多种因素影响,简单地以某篇文献的结论评价药物的安全性是不恰当的。推荐剂量下的鼻用皮质类固醇对HPA轴功能无明显抑制作用,对儿童生长可能产生一过性的抑制作用。
出处 《耳鼻咽喉(头颈外科)》 2004年第1期67-72,22,共7页 Chinese Arch Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg
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参考文献39

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