摘要
文章从雪盖与气候系统、雪盖的物理特性及其与生态学的关系、雪化学过程与养分循环、冰雪微生物、雪盖与小型动物、雪盖和植被等 6个方面综述了当前世界雪生态学研究进展 ,并对雪生态学近期需要研究的问题进行了讨论。总体来看 ,当前国际雪生态学研究存在如下发展趋势 :①强调全球气候变化对雪盖的影响及其反馈作用 ;②注重雪和雪盖的物理特性及其生态功能 ;③对雪盖生态系统的养分循环过程的研究报道增加 ;④冰雪微生物的超微结构、生理学、生理生态学、生态学、生命史、生物化学的研究得到了较快发展 ;⑤雪盖小型哺乳动物的生理、生态、形态适应性研究得到更多重视 ;⑥有关极端环境下的植物生理生态适应性及其与雪环境梯度变化关系的研究兴趣增加 ;⑦过程研究、定量研究。
The latest research advance in snow ecology in the world was introduced in this paper, including: six aspects: (1) Snow cover and weather system; (2) Physical features of snow and its relation with ecology; (3) Chemical processes of snow and nutrient circulation; (4) Nival microbe; (5) Snow cover and small animal; (6) Relation between snow cover and vegetation. Some contents that need further study in the future were discussed. Generally, snow ecology study in the world had some extensions as follows: (1) Effects of global changes on snow cover and its feedback mechanism was emphasized; (2) Physical characteristics and its ecological functions of snow cover got more attention; (3) The research reports on nutrient circulation processes in snow ecosystem increased; (4) Study of ultra-structure, physiology, eco-physiology, ecology, life history, biochemistry of snow microbe was developed rapidly; (5) Study of small mammalians was attached importance to physiological and ecological and morphological adaptability; (6) Study interests in physiological and ecological adaptability of plant to extreme environment and its relation with snow environment gradients increased; (7) Process study, quantitative study and numerical simulative study were attached more importance in all research field of snow ecology. Study emphases in the near future include mainly: (1) Feedback processes and its mechanism between snow cover and climate system; (2) Physical multiphase of snow cover and its ecological function; (3) earth circulation processes of snow chemical species, especially C, N circulation; (4) Genetic basic and genic transfer on cold adaptability of snow microbe; (5) Dynamics and nutriology and population dynamics on nival animal; (6) feedback processes and its mechanism in multi-scales among snow, vegetation and climate.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第2期296-304,共9页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"沙漠化的生物过程及其恢复机理"(编号 :TG2 0 0 0 0 4870 4)
国家十五攻关项目"科尔沁沙地退化草地植被恢复重建研究"(编号 :2 0 0 2BA5 17A0 6)资助
关键词
雪盖
生态系统
生态学
Snow cover
Ecosystem
Ecology research.
