摘要
针对传统种植方式下,大水漫灌所造成的浪费水资源、破坏土壤结构、在高肥水条件下易招致小麦倒伏和病害发生等问题,对小麦垄作栽培进行了研究,旨在为水浇地小麦高产、高效栽培开辟新途径。试验结果表明,小麦垄作栽培下,水分利用效率提高20%～30%,当季氮肥利用率提高10%以上;由于垄作栽培改传统平作的大水漫灌为小水沟内渗灌,消除了传统平作大水漫灌导致的土壤板结现象,改善了根际土壤的理化性状,有利于小麦的健壮生长;由于垄作栽培改变了麦田的地貌特征,从而改善了田间的通风透光条件,不仅降低了田间湿度,显著提高了小麦的抗倒伏及抗病能力,而且极显著地提高了小麦的光能利用率,有利于小麦产量的提高及品质的改善。
Currently almost all of wheat was planted with conventional flat planting in China. The conventional flat planting for winter wheat had some disadvantages such as the use of flood irrigation led to a potentially low water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. It also caused crusting of soil (surface) and soil degradation. In addition, It could result in higher levels of crop lodging. Therefore, a ridge culture technique was (modified) to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. The advantages of this culture technique with furrow irrigation compared with conventional flat planting with flood irrigation were as follows: first, it could save up to 20%~30% of irrigation water by changing irrigation from flood to furrow and nitrogen use efficiency could be (improved) by 10% or more because of nitrogen application (improved); second, the crust problem on the soil (surface) was eliminated and soil physical status was greatly (improved); third, the micro-climate of the field changed due to the orientation of the wheat plants in rows with this ridge culture technique, which could reduce crop lodging and decrease wheat disease. These advantages, interacting together could (improve) the grain quality and increase grain yield by more than 10%.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第2期68-72,共5页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(2002-11-01A)。
