摘要
秦的"更"役与"正"役,其内容、性质与起役之龄皆有别。凡单言"更"或"更"卒者,尽皆指为月更之役卒。一年一度的月更之役,称为"更"役,应"更"役者,在习惯上可以称为"更"卒。"正"与"正"卒之称既有别而又相一。凡按律应从事军戍之役者,则通称之为"正",此为着重就其在役之龄方面而言之;凡正在从事军戍之现役者,则可通称之为"正卒"。此二义又实相联为一事,只是其中言各有所侧重而已。然"更"卒与"正"卒,并非两类人之别,而是同一个人应为国家所尽的两类不同性质的徭役义务之不同。"更"、"正"起役年龄先后稍有所差。先为"更",待稍壮之后,即按法定年龄"移为正",并按编次从事正役。每一个男子一生,在法定役龄期限内,既须为"更",又须为"正"。"更"的役期以月计。"一更"就是一月的时间。正役役期以岁计,所谓"一岁屯戍,一岁力役"即是也。时间总为二年。
There are differences in terms of the types and nature of assignments, and beginning age to serve the country between the geng and zheng corvée. By geng or geng man is meant a man who serves the country for a month in one year. The two concepts overlap but with emphasis on different aspects of the same thing. Those who must serve in the army according to the law are called zheng , with stress on men′s service age. And those who are in active service are called zheng men. In contrast, by geng and zheng man are meant not two kinds of men, but different duties the same person should perform. There is a slight difference in the age of taking geng and zheng corvée. Firstly, a man performs geng duties when he is younger, and zheng duties when he is old and strong enough, according to the law. By this age, he should serve in the army. Within a certain period of one′s life, everyone must be a geng and a zheng man. Geng means one month. Compared with geng, zheng means to serve in the army for one year, and a man should serve in the army for two years altogether.
出处
《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2004年第3期26-33,共8页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
秦
徭役
更
正
徭屯之别
the Qin Dynasty
geng
zheng
difference between corvée and troops station
