摘要
青海省是长江、黄河的发源地,有中华水塔之称,该地区生态环境状况,直接影响到黄河及长江流域的广大地区,青藏高原地区还是我国重要的生物多样性分布区,其生态环境建设在全国生态环境建设中有着举足轻重的地位。青海省在距今7000年～3000年时出现过气候适宜期,最暖时平均气温较今高出3℃～5℃,降水量比现在高出30%～80%,青海湖含盐量下降,湖面比现在高出18m,此时的环境以温暖湿润为特点。青海地区20世纪的升温则以暖干为主要特点,在千年尺度上,现在处于干冷时期;而在百年和十年尺度上,则处于增温期,继续升温可能伴随降水的增加。关于青海地区目前生态环境的判断是整体恶化、局部改善。根据青海省不同的自然地理条件,生态环境建设可划分为如下几个区域:黄河长江源头区、黄河上游区、柴达木盆地区、祁连山地区。每个地区根据不同的自然条件,有针对性的进行生态建设。
As the source area of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, Qinghai Province is called the 'Water Tower of China', and the environmental condition of this region affects both basins directly. In addition, there are many special plant and animal species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. So ecological conservation and environmental protection in this region are extremely important. A wonderful climatic period occurred in 7kaB.P.～3 kaB.P. in Qinghai Province. During that period, the maximum average temperature was 3℃～5℃ higher than today's and annual precipitation was as much as 30%～80 % more than today's. The salt content in the Qinghai Lake decreased and the lake level was 18 m higher than today's. So it was a warm and humid period. The temperature has increased since last century, but drought accompanied. On thousand years scale present climate is in a cold and dry period, while on hundred years and decade scale it is in a period of temperature increasing. Annual precipitation would increase if the temperature increased continuously in the future. It is our estimation that the environmental condition of the Qinghai Province is going bad in whole region while partial area is improving. Based on the physical geographical qualification, four different regions for ecological conservation and environmental protection are determined. They are the source area of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, and the loess region in the upstream area of the Yellow River, Qaidam Basin and Qilian Mountainous area, respectively. There should be different measures in each region.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期9-16,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号:G2000018605)。
关键词
青海
环境演变
生态建设
空间布局
Qinghai province
Environmental changes
Ecological conservation
Spatial distribution
