摘要
自 1 992年起 ,我国建议对婴儿进行国产乙型肝炎疫苗的常规免疫 ,接种程序为 0、1、6月 ,以预防乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)的围产期传播。为了评价儿童的乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率 ,1 999年对我国 31个省市自治区 2 5 878名 3岁以下儿童 ,进行了一次全国性调查。城市 1 2月龄以下儿童的乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率为 88 5 % ,农村为 6 2 7% ;各省市自治区的乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率不同 ,有 4个省为≥ 90 % ,9个省为 75 %～ 89% ,8个省为 5 0 %～ 74 % ,1 0个省为 <5 0 %。乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率高与社会经济状况好、对乙型肝炎认识程度高、卫生保健服务完善 (如城市、非山区 )、非少数民族、在医院而不是在家里出生密切相关。我国于 2 0 0 2年将新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗正式纳入计划免疫 ,向所有新生儿免费 (除手续费外 )接种乙型肝炎疫苗 ,中央政府向贫困地区特别是西部 1 2个省提供资助 ,其他省由地方政府提供乙型肝炎疫苗资金。婴儿乙型肝炎疫苗常规免疫不仅可预防HBV急性感染 ,还可降低慢性肝病包括肝癌的发病率和死亡率。为了提高安全接种 ,我国卫生部实施了一项全国性行动计划 ,包括至 2 0 0 5年时所有免疫接种均使用一次性自毁注射器 。
Since 1992, China has recommended the routine infant hepatitis B immunization with the schedule of 0,1,6 months to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using domestically produced hepatitis B vaccines. The ultimate integration of HBV vaccine into into the Expanded Programme Immunization(EPI) has started since 2002. A national survey was conducted in 1999 in 31 provinces of China in order to evaluate hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccine coverage in children under 3 years of age, with a total number of 25 878. The HBV vaccine coverage in infants under 12 months of age was 88.5% for urban areas and 62.7% for rural areas, respectively. HBV vaccine coverage in different provinces or autonomous regions of China was uneven. Four provinces had the coverage ≥90%, 9 provinces 75%～89%, 8 provinces 50%～74%, and 10 provinces <50%. The higher hepatitis B vaccine coverage is strongly associated with higher socioeconomic status, greater knowledge regarding hepatitis B, better access tl health care (urban, non mountainous), non minority population, and born in hospital vs. at home. The ultimate integration of HBV vaccine into EPI started since 2002 in China. HBV vaccine is provided free to all infants, except the user fee. The central government supports the poor areas, especially 12 western provinces, while local governments provide funds for HBV vaccination to other provinces. The routine infant HBV immunization has been shown not lnly to prevent acute HBV infection, but also to reduce the morbidity and mortality of chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to improve the injection safety, the Ministry of Public Health, China has launched a National Action Plan including using auto disposable(AD) syringes for all immunization injections by 2005, and immunization injection safety training etc..
出处
《基础医学与临床》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期136-140,共5页
Basic and Clinical Medicine
