摘要
丽江植烟区划分为高温多雨区、高温少雨区、低温多雨区、低温少雨区,因此需要针对不同气候类型区的差异化开展具有特色的专业气象信息服务。低温区易出现霜冻,不仅不利于烟苗出苗,而且影响烟叶采烤质量,因此需制作相应的低温冷害、霜冻专题气象服务产品,提前做好预报服务,及时建议,保障低温区烟叶采烤、烟苗出苗。高温区制作相应的温度、日照时数、辐射强度、风速的实况观测、预报、预测服务材料,防止在晴天白天太阳辐射强时,拱棚内温度超过28℃。少雨区自然降水不均衡、土壤保水能力差,旱情对烟草生产影响较为明显,烟苗移栽期前需做好干旱发生趋势预报,旱灾严重时,选择烟草抗旱品种种植,选择适当烟苗移栽时机,结合抗旱栽培技术研究,配合施肥的栽培技术,使烟草增产。多雨区强降水、强对流天气多发,相应制作强降水、强对流及转折性天气预报,提供中短期大雨、暴雨、洪涝预报,强对流天气预报预警,重要天气过程预报服务。
Lijiang tobacco planting area is divided into high-temperature and rainy area, high-temperature and rainless area, low-temperature and rainy area, and low-temperature and rainless area, and it is necessary to carry out professional meteorological information services with characteristics for different planting areas according to different climate types. Frost is easy to occur in low-temperature area, which is against the seed germination and affects the quality of tobacco leaf picking and baking. To avoid the occurrence of a frost disaster, we need to make corresponding low-temperature cold damage and frost meteorological-service topic materials, which include weather forecasts and corresponding suggestions. In this way, we can ensure the emergence of tobacco seedlings in low-temperature area and the normal picking and baking of tobacco leaves. As for high-temperature area, the topic materials should contain information such as temperature, sunlight duration, radiation intensity, real-time wind speed, weather forecast, and climate prediction, which could prevent the temperature in the arch from exceeding 28˚C during the day when the solar radiation is strong. In rainless area, natural precipitation distribution is uneven, and soil water-holding capacity is poor. Therefore, drought has a more obvious impact on tobacco production. Before the transplanting period of tobacco seedlings, we need to predict the drought trend. When the drought situation is serious, we should choose drought-resistant tobacco varieties and appropriate timing to transplant tobacco seedlings. In addition, drought-resistant cultivation technology and suitable fertilizer application technology researches need to be strengthened to increase tobacco production. In rainy area, heavy precipitation and strong convective weather are frequent. We need to make heavy precipitation, strong convective weather, and turnaround weather forecast materials, and provide prediction services including medium and short-term heavy rain, rainstorm, flood, strong convective weather, and important weather process.
出处
《农业科学》
2023年第6期528-536,共9页
Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences
