在水温为（16．0±0．5）℃、pH为8．0～8．3、盐度为30．2的条件下，对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus单倍体、三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育的过程与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育进行了比较。结果表明：单倍体胚胎脊柱弯曲，器官分化不全...在水温为（16．0±0．5）℃、pH为8．0～8．3、盐度为30．2的条件下，对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus单倍体、三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育的过程与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育进行了比较。结果表明：单倍体胚胎脊柱弯曲，器官分化不全，受精率低，畸形率高，出膜率低；三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育时序基本相同，受精卵经过卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、卵黄栓胚、克氏囊胚、尾芽胚、心跳胚、出膜期等阶段孵化出膜，各阶段除发育时间不同外，发育特征与发育分期没有明显差别；普通二倍体胚胎约61h孵化出膜，而三倍体和雌核发育二倍体分别经66 h 30 min和67 h 50 min孵化出膜，孵化时间比普通二倍体牙鲆长约10％。其中，卵裂期三倍体和雌核发育二倍体在细胞分裂阶段发育特别缓慢，发育时间比普通二倍体长约25％。单倍体出膜率为（16．5±2．2）％，畸形率为（97．2±1．6）％；雌核发育二倍体出膜率为（85．6±3．0）％，畸形率为（13．2±2．3）％；三倍体出膜率为（82．3±3．1）％，畸形率为（16．3±2．5）％。与普通二倍体牙鲆相比，三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎出膜率低，仔鱼畸形率高。展开更多
Japanese scallop is one of the most important cultured seashells in the world. Following about 20 years’ artificial culture, we need DNA markers for genetic research. Microsatellites recently have become popular mark...Japanese scallop is one of the most important cultured seashells in the world. Following about 20 years’ artificial culture, we need DNA markers for genetic research. Microsatellites recently have become popular markers in a variety of genetic investigations. In this research, we isolated microsatellite DNAs from the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis genome with magnetic beads. As a result, 136 positive clones were identified from 192 clones,and 179 microsatellites were found. Among the 179 microsatellites, 50.8% were perfect, 43.0% were imperfect and the rest were compound type (6.1%). Finally, 85 microsatellite primers were designed by software Primer Premier 5.0, and 40 pairs were screened; 15 loci showed polymorphism. In these microsatellite loci, genetic diversity was analysed in 2 cultured populations. The average number of allele (A) ranged from 3.27 to 3.40; the average heterozygosity (H_o) in 2 populations was 0.447 to 0.540; average excepted heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.468 to 0.493; and average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.443 to 0.463. The genetic distance was 0.1155 and genetic identity was 0.8909. Thirteen microsatellite loci except HLJX-028 and HJLX-031 could be used for genetic展开更多
A library rich in CA/GT microsatellites was constructed from the Paralichthys olivaceus genome by combining biotin capture method and radioactive labeling hybridization. Five hundred and twenty six positive clones wer...A library rich in CA/GT microsatellites was constructed from the Paralichthys olivaceus genome by combining biotin capture method and radioactive labeling hybridization. Five hundred and twenty six positive clones were obtained through twice screens. Sequencing confirmed 133 microsatellite loci （number of repeats t〉 5） in 119 positive clones. Of these microsatellites, two （1.5%） had compound repeat motifs, 63 （47.37%） had perfect motifs and 68 （51.13%） had imperfect motifs. Primer pairs were designed in the flanking regions of 22 microsatelites and subjected to PCR amplification. In 8 artificial gynogenesis families, four pairs failed to amplification, one pair was monomorphic, and the rest were polymorphic with an average of 5.2 alleles per locus. Heterozygosities ranged between 0. 375 and 0. 846, PIC ranged between 0. 305 and 0. 823. The results suggested that most of the microsatellites we isolated were qualified to be applied to the population genetic studies of P. olivaceus.展开更多
文摘在水温为（16．0±0．5）℃、pH为8．0～8．3、盐度为30．2的条件下，对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus单倍体、三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育的过程与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育进行了比较。结果表明：单倍体胚胎脊柱弯曲，器官分化不全，受精率低，畸形率高，出膜率低；三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎与普通二倍体牙鲆的发育时序基本相同，受精卵经过卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、卵黄栓胚、克氏囊胚、尾芽胚、心跳胚、出膜期等阶段孵化出膜，各阶段除发育时间不同外，发育特征与发育分期没有明显差别；普通二倍体胚胎约61h孵化出膜，而三倍体和雌核发育二倍体分别经66 h 30 min和67 h 50 min孵化出膜，孵化时间比普通二倍体牙鲆长约10％。其中，卵裂期三倍体和雌核发育二倍体在细胞分裂阶段发育特别缓慢，发育时间比普通二倍体长约25％。单倍体出膜率为（16．5±2．2）％，畸形率为（97．2±1．6）％；雌核发育二倍体出膜率为（85．6±3．0）％，畸形率为（13．2±2．3）％；三倍体出膜率为（82．3±3．1）％，畸形率为（16．3±2．5）％。与普通二倍体牙鲆相比，三倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎出膜率低，仔鱼畸形率高。
文摘Japanese scallop is one of the most important cultured seashells in the world. Following about 20 years’ artificial culture, we need DNA markers for genetic research. Microsatellites recently have become popular markers in a variety of genetic investigations. In this research, we isolated microsatellite DNAs from the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis genome with magnetic beads. As a result, 136 positive clones were identified from 192 clones,and 179 microsatellites were found. Among the 179 microsatellites, 50.8% were perfect, 43.0% were imperfect and the rest were compound type (6.1%). Finally, 85 microsatellite primers were designed by software Primer Premier 5.0, and 40 pairs were screened; 15 loci showed polymorphism. In these microsatellite loci, genetic diversity was analysed in 2 cultured populations. The average number of allele (A) ranged from 3.27 to 3.40; the average heterozygosity (H_o) in 2 populations was 0.447 to 0.540; average excepted heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.468 to 0.493; and average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.443 to 0.463. The genetic distance was 0.1155 and genetic identity was 0.8909. Thirteen microsatellite loci except HLJX-028 and HJLX-031 could be used for genetic
文摘A library rich in CA/GT microsatellites was constructed from the Paralichthys olivaceus genome by combining biotin capture method and radioactive labeling hybridization. Five hundred and twenty six positive clones were obtained through twice screens. Sequencing confirmed 133 microsatellite loci （number of repeats t〉 5） in 119 positive clones. Of these microsatellites, two （1.5%） had compound repeat motifs, 63 （47.37%） had perfect motifs and 68 （51.13%） had imperfect motifs. Primer pairs were designed in the flanking regions of 22 microsatelites and subjected to PCR amplification. In 8 artificial gynogenesis families, four pairs failed to amplification, one pair was monomorphic, and the rest were polymorphic with an average of 5.2 alleles per locus. Heterozygosities ranged between 0. 375 and 0. 846, PIC ranged between 0. 305 and 0. 823. The results suggested that most of the microsatellites we isolated were qualified to be applied to the population genetic studies of P. olivaceus.
