目的本研究旨在构建一个基于临床和影像学特征的极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)模型,以鉴别乳腺非肿块病变的良恶性。材料与方法收集2018年1月至2024年7月2个机构,2种乳腺X线设备检查的有病理结果的首诊乳腺非肿块病...目的本研究旨在构建一个基于临床和影像学特征的极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)模型,以鉴别乳腺非肿块病变的良恶性。材料与方法收集2018年1月至2024年7月2个机构,2种乳腺X线设备检查的有病理结果的首诊乳腺非肿块病变480个。患者被分为建模组[n=310,数字乳腺X线摄影(digital mammography,DM)检查]、内部验证组(n=108,DM检查),和外部验证组[n=62,数字乳腺体层合成摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)检查]。记录患者术前乳腺X线(DM或DBT),MRI以及临床特征。采用XGBoost算法和多因素逻辑回归分析,分别构建XGBoost模型和逻辑回归(logistic regression,LR)模型。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估模型的诊断效能。结果在建模组中,患者以7∶3随机分为训练集(n=217)和测试集(n=93)。训练集、测试集、训练集的内部验证组及训练集的外部验证组中,恶性非肿块病灶分别为159(73%)、58(62%)、73(68%)和43(69%)。XGBoost模型的诊断效能明显优于LR模型,在独立的训练集、测试集、训练集的内部验证组及训练集的外部验证组中均表现出良好的诊断效能,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)在0.884~0.913之间。XGBoost模型在四个队列中也表现出良好的校准能力和临床净获益。结论XGBoost模型能够准确鉴别乳腺非肿块病变的良恶性,具有推广应用的潜力。展开更多
党的十八大以来,生态文明建设的战略地位显著提升,为高等教育课程改革提出了新要求。《普通生态学》是水产养殖专业的重要基础课程,不仅承载着生态文明教育的重要使命,也是学生掌握生态学方法、构建专业知识体系的关键。然而,传统的教...党的十八大以来,生态文明建设的战略地位显著提升,为高等教育课程改革提出了新要求。《普通生态学》是水产养殖专业的重要基础课程,不仅承载着生态文明教育的重要使命,也是学生掌握生态学方法、构建专业知识体系的关键。然而,传统的教学模式存在理论与实践脱节、内容与专业需求不匹配等问题,难以满足培养应用型、创新型水产养殖人才的目标。本文以生态文明建设目标为背景,探讨了《普通生态学》课程改革的设计思路与实践探索,提出通过调整课程内容、创新教学模式以及构建多元化评价体系等措施,提升教学效果,为培养绿色发展理念下的水产养殖专业人才提供参考。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the strategic importance of ecological civilization construction has significantly increased, posing new demands for curriculum reform in higher education. General Ecology is a fundamental course in the aquaculture major, bearing the dual mission of ecological civilization education and the development of students’ ecological methodology and professional knowledge systems. However, traditional teaching approaches often suffer from a disconnect between theory and practice, as well as a mismatch between course content and professional needs, making it difficult to meet the goal of cultivating application-oriented and innovative talents in aquaculture. Against the backdrop of ecological civilization construction, this paper explores the design and practical implementation of General Ecology course reform. It proposes measures such as curriculum content adjustment, teaching method innovation, and the development of a diversified evaluation system to improve teaching effectiveness, offering a reference for the cultivation of aquaculture professionals under the concept of green development.展开更多
文摘目的本研究旨在构建一个基于临床和影像学特征的极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)模型,以鉴别乳腺非肿块病变的良恶性。材料与方法收集2018年1月至2024年7月2个机构,2种乳腺X线设备检查的有病理结果的首诊乳腺非肿块病变480个。患者被分为建模组[n=310,数字乳腺X线摄影(digital mammography,DM)检查]、内部验证组(n=108,DM检查),和外部验证组[n=62,数字乳腺体层合成摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)检查]。记录患者术前乳腺X线(DM或DBT),MRI以及临床特征。采用XGBoost算法和多因素逻辑回归分析,分别构建XGBoost模型和逻辑回归(logistic regression,LR)模型。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估模型的诊断效能。结果在建模组中,患者以7∶3随机分为训练集(n=217)和测试集(n=93)。训练集、测试集、训练集的内部验证组及训练集的外部验证组中,恶性非肿块病灶分别为159(73%)、58(62%)、73(68%)和43(69%)。XGBoost模型的诊断效能明显优于LR模型,在独立的训练集、测试集、训练集的内部验证组及训练集的外部验证组中均表现出良好的诊断效能,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)在0.884~0.913之间。XGBoost模型在四个队列中也表现出良好的校准能力和临床净获益。结论XGBoost模型能够准确鉴别乳腺非肿块病变的良恶性,具有推广应用的潜力。
文摘党的十八大以来,生态文明建设的战略地位显著提升,为高等教育课程改革提出了新要求。《普通生态学》是水产养殖专业的重要基础课程,不仅承载着生态文明教育的重要使命,也是学生掌握生态学方法、构建专业知识体系的关键。然而,传统的教学模式存在理论与实践脱节、内容与专业需求不匹配等问题,难以满足培养应用型、创新型水产养殖人才的目标。本文以生态文明建设目标为背景,探讨了《普通生态学》课程改革的设计思路与实践探索,提出通过调整课程内容、创新教学模式以及构建多元化评价体系等措施,提升教学效果,为培养绿色发展理念下的水产养殖专业人才提供参考。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the strategic importance of ecological civilization construction has significantly increased, posing new demands for curriculum reform in higher education. General Ecology is a fundamental course in the aquaculture major, bearing the dual mission of ecological civilization education and the development of students’ ecological methodology and professional knowledge systems. However, traditional teaching approaches often suffer from a disconnect between theory and practice, as well as a mismatch between course content and professional needs, making it difficult to meet the goal of cultivating application-oriented and innovative talents in aquaculture. Against the backdrop of ecological civilization construction, this paper explores the design and practical implementation of General Ecology course reform. It proposes measures such as curriculum content adjustment, teaching method innovation, and the development of a diversified evaluation system to improve teaching effectiveness, offering a reference for the cultivation of aquaculture professionals under the concept of green development.
