For a many-atom battery coupled with a common thermal bath, the useful energy is maximized at an optimal number of the atoms for a fixed harmonic driving field, i.e., the so-called optimal building block [see Chang et...For a many-atom battery coupled with a common thermal bath, the useful energy is maximized at an optimal number of the atoms for a fixed harmonic driving field, i.e., the so-called optimal building block [see Chang et al. New J. Phys.23 103026(2021)]. Here we consider the useful energy defined by the ergotropy and a continuous-wave driving field. For the single-atom case, we present analytical results of the increased energy and the ergotropy in the long-time limit(i.e.,the steady-state ergotropy). It is found that there exists an optimal value of the driving-field strength. Such an observation holds for many-atom cases. Numerically, we show that the optimal strength increases linearly with the number N of the atoms. Using the optimal strength for each N, both the increased energy and the ergotropy increase monotonically with N.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12075209, 11905185, and 11935012)partially supported by the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (Grant No. 18062145-Y)。
文摘For a many-atom battery coupled with a common thermal bath, the useful energy is maximized at an optimal number of the atoms for a fixed harmonic driving field, i.e., the so-called optimal building block [see Chang et al. New J. Phys.23 103026(2021)]. Here we consider the useful energy defined by the ergotropy and a continuous-wave driving field. For the single-atom case, we present analytical results of the increased energy and the ergotropy in the long-time limit(i.e.,the steady-state ergotropy). It is found that there exists an optimal value of the driving-field strength. Such an observation holds for many-atom cases. Numerically, we show that the optimal strength increases linearly with the number N of the atoms. Using the optimal strength for each N, both the increased energy and the ergotropy increase monotonically with N.
