尘肺病是在职业活动中长期吸入不同致病性的生产性粉尘并在肺内潴留而引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的一组职业性肺部疾病的统称。是中国最严重的职业病,尘肺患者由于长期接触矿物性粉尘,呼吸系统的清除和防御机制受到严重损害,加之...尘肺病是在职业活动中长期吸入不同致病性的生产性粉尘并在肺内潴留而引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的一组职业性肺部疾病的统称。是中国最严重的职业病,尘肺患者由于长期接触矿物性粉尘,呼吸系统的清除和防御机制受到严重损害,加之尘肺病慢性、进行性的长期病程,患者的抵抗力明显降低,常常发生各种并发症/合并症,如呼吸系统感染、气胸、肺结核、慢性阻塞型肺疾病、慢性肺源性心脏病。由于评估程序复杂,需要训练有素的医务人员,诊断尘肺病是困难的,因为尘肺病需要的诊断方法远比临床诊断复杂得多。一旦患者被诊断出患有尘肺病,他们的病情通常已经非常严重且难以治疗。为了控制这种疾病,迫切需要在临床前阶段对其进行诊断,这将降低其发病率并最大限度地降低其在受影响工人中的严重程度。确定可行的诊断生物标志物或方法可协助医护人员在尘肺病患者出现可观察到的肺部影像学变化前,及时发现疑似尘肺病患者,有利于在对粉尘接触人群(高危人群)进行筛查时,早期发现疑似尘肺病患者,及时安排其脱离粉尘作业并及早治疗,改善其预后,具有重大的经济和社会效益。Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of productive dust of different pathogenicities and retention in the lungs during occupational activities. It is the most serious occupational disease in China, due to long-term exposure to mineral dust, the clearance and defense mechanism of the respiratory system is seriously impaired, coupled with the chronic, progressive long-term course of pneumoconiosis, the patient’s resistance is significantly reduced, and various complications/comorbidities often occur, such as respiratory infection, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic cor pulmonale. Diagnosing pneumoconiosis is difficult due to the complexity of the evaluation procedure and the need for trained medical personnel, as pneumoconiosis requires a much more complex diagnostic approach than clinical diagnosis. Once a patient is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, their condition is often already very severe and difficult to treat. In order to control this disease, there is an urgent need to diagnose it at the preclinical stage, which will reduce its incidence and minimize its severity among affected workers. The identification of feasible diagnostic biomarkers or methods can help medical staff to detect patients with suspected pneumoconiosis in time before observable lung imaging changes occur in patients with pneumoconiosis, which is conducive to the early detection of suspected pneumoconiosis patients when screening dust contact groups (high-risk groups), timely arrangement of them to be removed from dust operations and early treatment, and improving their prognosis, which has significant economic and social benefits.展开更多
文摘尘肺病是在职业活动中长期吸入不同致病性的生产性粉尘并在肺内潴留而引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的一组职业性肺部疾病的统称。是中国最严重的职业病,尘肺患者由于长期接触矿物性粉尘,呼吸系统的清除和防御机制受到严重损害,加之尘肺病慢性、进行性的长期病程,患者的抵抗力明显降低,常常发生各种并发症/合并症,如呼吸系统感染、气胸、肺结核、慢性阻塞型肺疾病、慢性肺源性心脏病。由于评估程序复杂,需要训练有素的医务人员,诊断尘肺病是困难的,因为尘肺病需要的诊断方法远比临床诊断复杂得多。一旦患者被诊断出患有尘肺病,他们的病情通常已经非常严重且难以治疗。为了控制这种疾病,迫切需要在临床前阶段对其进行诊断,这将降低其发病率并最大限度地降低其在受影响工人中的严重程度。确定可行的诊断生物标志物或方法可协助医护人员在尘肺病患者出现可观察到的肺部影像学变化前,及时发现疑似尘肺病患者,有利于在对粉尘接触人群(高危人群)进行筛查时,早期发现疑似尘肺病患者,及时安排其脱离粉尘作业并及早治疗,改善其预后,具有重大的经济和社会效益。Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of productive dust of different pathogenicities and retention in the lungs during occupational activities. It is the most serious occupational disease in China, due to long-term exposure to mineral dust, the clearance and defense mechanism of the respiratory system is seriously impaired, coupled with the chronic, progressive long-term course of pneumoconiosis, the patient’s resistance is significantly reduced, and various complications/comorbidities often occur, such as respiratory infection, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic cor pulmonale. Diagnosing pneumoconiosis is difficult due to the complexity of the evaluation procedure and the need for trained medical personnel, as pneumoconiosis requires a much more complex diagnostic approach than clinical diagnosis. Once a patient is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, their condition is often already very severe and difficult to treat. In order to control this disease, there is an urgent need to diagnose it at the preclinical stage, which will reduce its incidence and minimize its severity among affected workers. The identification of feasible diagnostic biomarkers or methods can help medical staff to detect patients with suspected pneumoconiosis in time before observable lung imaging changes occur in patients with pneumoconiosis, which is conducive to the early detection of suspected pneumoconiosis patients when screening dust contact groups (high-risk groups), timely arrangement of them to be removed from dust operations and early treatment, and improving their prognosis, which has significant economic and social benefits.
