乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴传播是导致慢性HBV感染的主要原因,对感染HBV的育龄女性妊娠前、妊娠期及产后进行规范管理,以实现HBV母婴"零"传播的目标。本共识内容包括:育龄女性和孕妇HBV筛查及治疗;妊娠期乙型...乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴传播是导致慢性HBV感染的主要原因,对感染HBV的育龄女性妊娠前、妊娠期及产后进行规范管理,以实现HBV母婴"零"传播的目标。本共识内容包括:育龄女性和孕妇HBV筛查及治疗;妊娠期乙型肝炎活动的治疗;新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫预防措施及评价;HBV携带且高病毒载量孕妇妊娠期抗病毒治疗及产后相关管理,并形成推荐意见,使临床医生对感染HBV育龄女性的临床管理标准化。展开更多
The objective of this paper is to investigate the compressible turbulent cavitating flows with special emphasis on shock wave dynamics, with the water/vapor compressibility taken into account. The simulations are perf...The objective of this paper is to investigate the compressible turbulent cavitating flows with special emphasis on shock wave dynamics, with the water/vapor compressibility taken into account. The simulations are performed by solving the compressible, multiphase unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with Saito cavitation model and SST-SAS turbulence model. The compressibility of both the pure water and vapor is considered by employment of the Tait equation of state for water and ideal gas equation of state for vapor. Results are presented for a 3-D NACA66 hydrofoil fixed at ？= 6？ and ？= 1.25 in partial cavitating flows. Cavity collapse induced shock wave formation and propagation, which is closely related to the compressibility characteristics of cavitating flows, are well predicted. Good performance has been obtained for both the cavity evolution process and cavitation induced pressure signals, especially the cavity collapse induced shock wave emission and its interaction with the attached cavity sheet. The pressure peaks in microseconds accompanying the shock wave are captured. The typical quasi-periodic sheet/cloud cavitation evolution is characterized by the following four stages：（1） the growth of the attached cavity sheet,（2） development of re-entrant flow and attached cavity sheet breakup,（3） attached cavity sheet rolling up and cavity cloud shedding, and（4） cloud cavity collapse, shock wave emission and propagation. The cloud cavity collapse induced shock wave dynamics is supposed to be the major origin of cavitation instabilities.展开更多
文摘乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴传播是导致慢性HBV感染的主要原因,对感染HBV的育龄女性妊娠前、妊娠期及产后进行规范管理,以实现HBV母婴"零"传播的目标。本共识内容包括:育龄女性和孕妇HBV筛查及治疗;妊娠期乙型肝炎活动的治疗;新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫预防措施及评价;HBV携带且高病毒载量孕妇妊娠期抗病毒治疗及产后相关管理,并形成推荐意见,使临床医生对感染HBV育龄女性的临床管理标准化。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91752105)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.3172029)
文摘The objective of this paper is to investigate the compressible turbulent cavitating flows with special emphasis on shock wave dynamics, with the water/vapor compressibility taken into account. The simulations are performed by solving the compressible, multiphase unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with Saito cavitation model and SST-SAS turbulence model. The compressibility of both the pure water and vapor is considered by employment of the Tait equation of state for water and ideal gas equation of state for vapor. Results are presented for a 3-D NACA66 hydrofoil fixed at ？= 6？ and ？= 1.25 in partial cavitating flows. Cavity collapse induced shock wave formation and propagation, which is closely related to the compressibility characteristics of cavitating flows, are well predicted. Good performance has been obtained for both the cavity evolution process and cavitation induced pressure signals, especially the cavity collapse induced shock wave emission and its interaction with the attached cavity sheet. The pressure peaks in microseconds accompanying the shock wave are captured. The typical quasi-periodic sheet/cloud cavitation evolution is characterized by the following four stages：（1） the growth of the attached cavity sheet,（2） development of re-entrant flow and attached cavity sheet breakup,（3） attached cavity sheet rolling up and cavity cloud shedding, and（4） cloud cavity collapse, shock wave emission and propagation. The cloud cavity collapse induced shock wave dynamics is supposed to be the major origin of cavitation instabilities.
