Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is the most mature technology for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Alkaline water electrolyzer consists of multiple electrolysis cells,and a single cell consists of a diaphragm...Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is the most mature technology for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Alkaline water electrolyzer consists of multiple electrolysis cells,and a single cell consists of a diaphragm,electrodes,bipolar plates and end plates,etc.The existing industrial bipolar plate channel is concave-convex structure,which is manufactured by complicated and high-cost mold punching.This structure still results in uneven electrolyte flow and low current density in the electrolytic cell,further increasing in energy consumption and cost of AWE.Thereby,in this article,the electrochemical and flow model is firstly constructed,based on the existing industrial concave and convex flow channel structure of bipolar plate,to study the current density,electrolyte flow and bubble distribution in the electrolysis cell.The reliability of the model was verified by comparison with experimental data in literature.Among which,the electrochemical current density affects the bubble yield,on the other hand,the generated bubbles cover the electrode surface,affecting the active specific surface area and ohmic resistance,which in turn affects the electrochemical reaction.The result indicates that the flow velocity near the bottom of the concave ball approaches zero,while the flow velocity on the convex ball surface is significantly higher.Additionally,vortices are observed within the flow channel structure,leading to an uneven distribution of electrolyte.Next,modelling is used to optimize the bipolar plate structure of AWE by simulating the electrochemistry and fluid flow performances of four kinds of structures,namely,concave and convex,rhombus,wedge and expanded mesh,in the bipolar plate of alkaline water electrolyzer.The results show that the expanded mesh channel structure has the largest current density of 3330 A/m^(2)and electrolyte flow velocity of 0.507 m/s in the electrolytic cell.Under the same current density,the electrolytic cell with the expanded mesh runner structure has the smallest potential and energy consumption.This work provides a useful guide for the comprehensive understanding and optimization of channel structures,and a theoretical basis for the design of large-scale electrolyzer.展开更多
目的分析临床药师参与1例腹股沟疝修补术后切口感染偶发分枝杆菌患者的治疗方案及药学监护过程。方法经临床药学、检验科、院感办等多学科会诊后考虑偶发分枝杆菌感染,临床药师查询循证医学证据,协助医生制定及调整偶发分枝杆菌抗感染方...目的分析临床药师参与1例腹股沟疝修补术后切口感染偶发分枝杆菌患者的治疗方案及药学监护过程。方法经临床药学、检验科、院感办等多学科会诊后考虑偶发分枝杆菌感染,临床药师查询循证医学证据,协助医生制定及调整偶发分枝杆菌抗感染方案,并针对长疗程联合使用的抗菌药物进行疗效、不良反应及院外随访等药学监护。结果临床药师首次会诊予以阿米卡星注射液0.6 g qd(维持剂量0.4 g)+莫西沙星氯化钠注射液0.4 g qd+亚胺培南西司他丁1 g q12h+多西环素注射液0.1 g q12h(首剂0.2 g)抗感染治疗,后续根据药品不良反应及循证学证据对方案进行优化调整,患者好转出院。结论临床药师参与抗感染多学科会诊,通过查阅循证医学证据,协助医生制定抗感染方案及实施全程药学监护,不仅能提高患者治疗效果,还有助于提升临床药师抗感染会诊水平。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074130)the Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality,Ministry of Education。
文摘Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is the most mature technology for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Alkaline water electrolyzer consists of multiple electrolysis cells,and a single cell consists of a diaphragm,electrodes,bipolar plates and end plates,etc.The existing industrial bipolar plate channel is concave-convex structure,which is manufactured by complicated and high-cost mold punching.This structure still results in uneven electrolyte flow and low current density in the electrolytic cell,further increasing in energy consumption and cost of AWE.Thereby,in this article,the electrochemical and flow model is firstly constructed,based on the existing industrial concave and convex flow channel structure of bipolar plate,to study the current density,electrolyte flow and bubble distribution in the electrolysis cell.The reliability of the model was verified by comparison with experimental data in literature.Among which,the electrochemical current density affects the bubble yield,on the other hand,the generated bubbles cover the electrode surface,affecting the active specific surface area and ohmic resistance,which in turn affects the electrochemical reaction.The result indicates that the flow velocity near the bottom of the concave ball approaches zero,while the flow velocity on the convex ball surface is significantly higher.Additionally,vortices are observed within the flow channel structure,leading to an uneven distribution of electrolyte.Next,modelling is used to optimize the bipolar plate structure of AWE by simulating the electrochemistry and fluid flow performances of four kinds of structures,namely,concave and convex,rhombus,wedge and expanded mesh,in the bipolar plate of alkaline water electrolyzer.The results show that the expanded mesh channel structure has the largest current density of 3330 A/m^(2)and electrolyte flow velocity of 0.507 m/s in the electrolytic cell.Under the same current density,the electrolytic cell with the expanded mesh runner structure has the smallest potential and energy consumption.This work provides a useful guide for the comprehensive understanding and optimization of channel structures,and a theoretical basis for the design of large-scale electrolyzer.
文摘目的分析临床药师参与1例腹股沟疝修补术后切口感染偶发分枝杆菌患者的治疗方案及药学监护过程。方法经临床药学、检验科、院感办等多学科会诊后考虑偶发分枝杆菌感染,临床药师查询循证医学证据,协助医生制定及调整偶发分枝杆菌抗感染方案,并针对长疗程联合使用的抗菌药物进行疗效、不良反应及院外随访等药学监护。结果临床药师首次会诊予以阿米卡星注射液0.6 g qd(维持剂量0.4 g)+莫西沙星氯化钠注射液0.4 g qd+亚胺培南西司他丁1 g q12h+多西环素注射液0.1 g q12h(首剂0.2 g)抗感染治疗,后续根据药品不良反应及循证学证据对方案进行优化调整,患者好转出院。结论临床药师参与抗感染多学科会诊,通过查阅循证医学证据,协助医生制定抗感染方案及实施全程药学监护,不仅能提高患者治疗效果,还有助于提升临床药师抗感染会诊水平。
