In this study,we apply two methods to consider the variation of massive black holes in both normal and extended thermodynamic phase spaces.The first method considers a charged particle being absorbed by the black hole...In this study,we apply two methods to consider the variation of massive black holes in both normal and extended thermodynamic phase spaces.The first method considers a charged particle being absorbed by the black hole,whereas the second considers a shell of dust falling into it.With the former method,the first and second laws of thermodynamics are always satisfied in the normal phase space;however,in the extended phase space,the first law is satisfied but the validity of the second law of thermodynamics depends upon the model parameters.With the latter method,both laws are valid.We argue that the former method's violation of the second law of thermodynamics may be attributable to the assumption that the change of internal energy of the black hole is equal to the energy of the particle.Finally,we demonstrate that the event horizon always ensures the validity of weak cosmic censorship in both phase spaces;this means that the violation of the second law of thermodynamics,arising under the aforementioned assumption,does not affect the weak cosmic censorship conjecture.This further supports our argument that the assumption in the first method is responsible for the violation and requires deeper treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(11705161,11675139,11875220)Xiao-Mei Kuang is also partly Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170481)and Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171006)Shi-Qian Hu is also Supported by the Postgraduate Reaearch&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_2098)。
文摘In this study,we apply two methods to consider the variation of massive black holes in both normal and extended thermodynamic phase spaces.The first method considers a charged particle being absorbed by the black hole,whereas the second considers a shell of dust falling into it.With the former method,the first and second laws of thermodynamics are always satisfied in the normal phase space;however,in the extended phase space,the first law is satisfied but the validity of the second law of thermodynamics depends upon the model parameters.With the latter method,both laws are valid.We argue that the former method's violation of the second law of thermodynamics may be attributable to the assumption that the change of internal energy of the black hole is equal to the energy of the particle.Finally,we demonstrate that the event horizon always ensures the validity of weak cosmic censorship in both phase spaces;this means that the violation of the second law of thermodynamics,arising under the aforementioned assumption,does not affect the weak cosmic censorship conjecture.This further supports our argument that the assumption in the first method is responsible for the violation and requires deeper treatment.
