Functional MRI (fMRI) is recognized as a well-established non-invasive diagnostic method to image activating cortical areas. Currently, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast method is widely used in fM...Functional MRI (fMRI) is recognized as a well-established non-invasive diagnostic method to image activating cortical areas. Currently, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast method is widely used in fMRI BOLD-fMRI images activating areas by detecting a reduced concentration of deoxyhemoglobin during neuronal activity, which is caused by a larger increase in O2 delivery compared with O2 consumption in normal adults. In the present study, near infrared spectroscopy, which is an optical method to evaluate cerebral blood oxygenation changes, has demonstrated an increase of deoxyhemoglobin associated with increases of oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin at activation areas of stroke patients, whereas BOLD-fMRI failed to image the activation areas. The present findings have serious applications for the application of BOLD-fMRI to the patients with brain disorders because BOLD-fMRI may overlook neuronal activities in these patients unless both increases and decreases of signals are considered.展开更多
It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this ...It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.展开更多
文摘Functional MRI (fMRI) is recognized as a well-established non-invasive diagnostic method to image activating cortical areas. Currently, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast method is widely used in fMRI BOLD-fMRI images activating areas by detecting a reduced concentration of deoxyhemoglobin during neuronal activity, which is caused by a larger increase in O2 delivery compared with O2 consumption in normal adults. In the present study, near infrared spectroscopy, which is an optical method to evaluate cerebral blood oxygenation changes, has demonstrated an increase of deoxyhemoglobin associated with increases of oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin at activation areas of stroke patients, whereas BOLD-fMRI failed to image the activation areas. The present findings have serious applications for the application of BOLD-fMRI to the patients with brain disorders because BOLD-fMRI may overlook neuronal activities in these patients unless both increases and decreases of signals are considered.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2012AA020905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81171143)+1 种基金the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81161160570)the Zhou Dafu Medical Research Fund(No.202836019-03)
文摘It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.
