The Zihedian cemetery is situated to the south of Zihedian village in Qiling town of Linzi district, Zibo city. In 1990, excavation was carried out in its northeast, where four large-sized tombs were found to be of th...The Zihedian cemetery is situated to the south of Zihedian village in Qiling town of Linzi district, Zibo city. In 1990, excavation was carried out in its northeast, where four large-sized tombs were found to be of the Warring States period. One of them Tomb No.2 is shaped like the character “甲” in plan, with the tomb-passage pointing to the south. The tomb pit consists of a surfaceand an underground parts; and the coffin chamber is located somewhat to the south of the center of the pit, and contains an outer and double inner coffins. At the back of the chamber is a rectangular sacrificial pit with 12 human victims. More that 20 single-shaft chariots were yielded from the tomb pit, behindwhich is a large horse burial pit. Among the rich funeral objects, the pottery comprises the ding tripod,gui food container, pot, dou stemmed vessel and its cover, dul round vessel, li tripod, lei pot, zhousaucer, pan basin, yi ewer, jian basin, jin table-shaped stand, ladle, spade and tomb figurine; thebronzes include the chime-bells, ge dagger axe, spear, shu battle mallet, halberd, sword and arrowhead;and the stone implements are represented by the chime stone. The tomb shape and the features of thegrave goods show that the burial goes back to the early Warring States period, and the tomb-owner must have been an influencial figure in the rank of high minister and noble (卿大夫).展开更多
文摘目的 对比硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉、单纯全身麻醉对老年腹部手术患者心肌损伤的情况。方法 100例老年腹部手术患者,根据麻醉方法不同分为对照组与观察组,各50例。对照组采取单纯全身麻醉,观察组采取硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉。比较两组患者手术麻醉前、术后6 h、12 h活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板计数(PLT)水平;心肌功能水平,包括肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平;麻醉清醒时间和苏醒期躁动发生率;手术麻醉前、切皮时、术中30 min、术后血流动力学情况,包括心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)水平;心脏不良事件发生情况。结果 观察组患者术后6、12 h APTT、PT、TT均短于对照组, FIB水平低于对照组, PLT水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后6 h CK-MB与c TnI水平分别为(1.33±0.63)U/L与(0.19±0.11)μg/L均低于对照组的(1.61±0.71)U/L与(0.37±0.12)μg/L,术后12 h CK-MB与cTnI水平分别为(1.63±0.95)U/L、(0.23±0.18)μg/L均低于对照组的(2.58±1.08)U/L与(0.41±0.17)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者麻醉清醒时间(21.01±8.24)min显著短于对照组的(34.52±11.20)min,苏醒期躁动发生率4.00%显著低于对照组的16.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者切皮时、术中30 min HR、MAP水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者心脏不良事件发生率24.00%显著低于对照组的66.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与单纯全身麻醉相比,老年腹部手术患者采取硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉的效果更为显著,对心肌功能损伤更小,可降低其凝血纤溶指标水平,缩短麻醉清醒时间,降低苏醒期躁动发生率,应在临床中积极推广。
文摘The Zihedian cemetery is situated to the south of Zihedian village in Qiling town of Linzi district, Zibo city. In 1990, excavation was carried out in its northeast, where four large-sized tombs were found to be of the Warring States period. One of them Tomb No.2 is shaped like the character “甲” in plan, with the tomb-passage pointing to the south. The tomb pit consists of a surfaceand an underground parts; and the coffin chamber is located somewhat to the south of the center of the pit, and contains an outer and double inner coffins. At the back of the chamber is a rectangular sacrificial pit with 12 human victims. More that 20 single-shaft chariots were yielded from the tomb pit, behindwhich is a large horse burial pit. Among the rich funeral objects, the pottery comprises the ding tripod,gui food container, pot, dou stemmed vessel and its cover, dul round vessel, li tripod, lei pot, zhousaucer, pan basin, yi ewer, jian basin, jin table-shaped stand, ladle, spade and tomb figurine; thebronzes include the chime-bells, ge dagger axe, spear, shu battle mallet, halberd, sword and arrowhead;and the stone implements are represented by the chime stone. The tomb shape and the features of thegrave goods show that the burial goes back to the early Warring States period, and the tomb-owner must have been an influencial figure in the rank of high minister and noble (卿大夫).
